network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
sftp : secure file transfer program
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
...

shell

busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
locale : specific information.
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
xargs : build and execute command lines from standard input
usermod : modify a user account
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
mkfs : build a Linux filesystem
rename : renames multiple files
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
find : search for files in a directory hierarchy
killall5 : - send a signal to all processes.
...

file

egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
...

graphic manipulation

gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
animate : animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
pamstretch-gen : use pamstretch and pnmscale to scale by non-integer values
tiff2rgba : convert a TIFF image to RGBA color space
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
time : run programs and summarize system resource usage
avconv : avconv video converter
getconf : Query system configuration variables
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
gksudo : GTK+ frontend for su and sudo
xload : system load average display for X
passwd : change user password
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
...

package management

dpkg-reconfigure : reconfigure an already installed package
apt-config : APT Configuration Query program
passwd : change user password
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
python2.7 : an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
dh_installdeb : install files into the DEBIAN directory
...

printer

ppdc : cups ppd compiler
ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
passwd : change user password
lpadmin : configure cups printers and classes
cups-calibrate : ESP CUPS Printer Calibration Tool
smbspool : send a print file to an SMB printer
...

text manipulation

passwd : change user password
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
cut : remove sections from each line of files
grep : print lines matching a pattern
chcon : change file security context
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
chroot : run command or interactive shell with special root directory
tor : The second-generation onion router
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

sound manipulation

audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
passwd : change user password
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
gst-typefind-0.10 : print MIME type of file
wavpack : encode wav files to wavpack
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
MAKEDEV : create devices
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
uic :
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

file compression

avconv : avconv video converter
xzgrep : search compressed files for a regular expression
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
filterdiff : extract or exclude diffs from a diff file
p7zip : Wrapper on 7zr, a 7-zip file archiver with high compression ratio
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

boot settings

tcmp3cut :
erb1.8 : an embedded Ruby language interpreter
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
showkey : examine the codes sent by the keyboard
dbus-send : Send a message to a message bus
...

text editor

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
parted : GNU Parted - a partition manipulation program
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
2to3-3.2 : Python2 to Python3 converter
fmtutil-sys : utility for maintaining TeX format files system-wide
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
apachectl : Apache HTTP server control interface
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
gemtopnm : convert a GEM .img file into a portable anymap
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
...

font

spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
debugfs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
ofm2opl : convert Omega and TeX font-metric files to property-list files
passwd : change user password
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
mft : translate Metafont or MetaPost code to TeX code for prettyprinting
...

mail

thunderbird : Mail User Agent (MUA) and newsgroup/RSS client for X11 derived from the Mozilla suite.
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
logrotate : rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

Media Player

nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
subtitle2pgm :
svlc : , nvlc, rvlc, cvlc the VLC media player
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
...

virtualization

ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
VBoxControl : x86 virtualization solution
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
passwd : change user password
...

help us categorise commands