network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
sftp : secure file transfer program
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
...

shell

busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
watch : execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
locale : specific information.
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
xargs : build and execute command lines from standard input
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
aireplay-ng : inject packets into a wireless network to generate traffic
fsck.ext4 : check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
javaws : a Java Web Start client
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

file

mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
fsck.ext3 : check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
...

graphic manipulation

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
transfig : creates a makefile for portable LaTeX figures
pbmtomda : convert a portable bitmap to a Microdesign .mda
resize : set environment and terminal settings to current xterm window size
pilfile.py :
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
time : run programs and summarize system resource usage
avconv : avconv video converter
getconf : Query system configuration variables
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
zenity : display GTK+ dialogs
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
yuvdenoise : Motion-Compensating-YUV4MPEG2-frame-denoiser
avconv : avconv video converter
...

package management

aptd : package managing daemon proving a D-Bus interface
lame : create mp3 audio files
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
pnmenlarge : read a portable anymap and enlarge it N times
dpkg-deb : Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
dpkg-maintscript-helper : works around known dpkg limitations in maintainer scripts
...

printer

ppdc : cups ppd compiler
ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
sldtoppm : convert an AutoCAD slide file into a portable pixmap
lprm : cancel print jobs
sensible-pager : pager, sensible-browser - sensible editing, paging, and web browsing
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
...

text manipulation

loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
awk : pattern scanning and processing language
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nl : number lines of files
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
chroot : run command or interactive shell with special root directory
tor : The second-generation onion router
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

sound manipulation

gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
ogmsplit : Split OGG/OGM files into several smaller OGG/OGM files
sndfile-metadata-set : set metadata in a sound file
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
MAKEDEV : create devices
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
uic :
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

file compression

pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
scp-dbus-service :
file-roller : archive manager for GNOME
lzcat : Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

boot settings

dh_installppp : install ppp ip-up and ip-down files
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
grub-mkimage : make a bootable image of GRUB
passwd : change user password
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

text editor

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
parted : GNU Parted - a partition manipulation program
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
2to3-3.2 : Python2 to Python3 converter
fmtutil-sys : utility for maintaining TeX format files system-wide
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
passwd : change user password
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
arping : send ARP REQUEST to a neighbour host
lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
...

font

mft : translate Metafont or MetaPost code to TeX code for prettyprinting
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
alias :
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

mail

lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
mimeopen : Open files by mimetype
lockfile-remove : command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files and mailboxes (via liblockfile).
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

Media Player

airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
python2.7 : an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

virtualization

nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
passwd : change user password
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
avconv : avconv video converter
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
...

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