network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
sftp : secure file transfer program
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
...

shell

busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
which : locate a command
fusermount : mount and unmount FUSE filesystems
watch : execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
locale : specific information.
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
hdparm : get/set SATA/IDE device parameters
mkfs.ext3 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
kmk_sed : framework for writing simple makefiles for complex tasks
setkeycodes : load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries
...

file

egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
...

graphic manipulation

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
transfig : creates a makefile for portable LaTeX figures
pbmtomda : convert a portable bitmap to a Microdesign .mda
resize : set environment and terminal settings to current xterm window size
pilfile.py :
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
time : run programs and summarize system resource usage
avconv : avconv video converter
getconf : Query system configuration variables
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
svlc : , nvlc, rvlc, cvlc the VLC media player
xsetpointer : set an X Input device as the main pointer
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
...

package management

update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
pk2bm : create a bitmap from a TeX pkfont
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
bzip2 : recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

printer

ppdc : cups ppd compiler
ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
xmllint : command line XML tool
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

text manipulation

loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
awk : pattern scanning and processing language
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
nl : number lines of files
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
tor-resolve : resolve a hostname to an IP address via tor
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
ssh-add : adds private key identities to the authentication agent
...

sound manipulation

gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
ogmsplit : Split OGG/OGM files into several smaller OGG/OGM files
sndfile-metadata-set : set metadata in a sound file
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.vfat : create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
lame : create mp3 audio files
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
...

file compression

passwd : change user password
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
dvdrip : GUI for copying DVDs
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
zipsplit : split a zipfile into smaller zipfiles
unrar : extract files from rar archives
...

boot settings

tcmp3cut :
erb1.8 : an embedded Ruby language interpreter
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
showkey : examine the codes sent by the keyboard
dbus-send : Send a message to a message bus
...

text editor

sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
view : Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
bibtex.original : make a bibliography for (La)TeX
lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
find : search for files in a directory hierarchy
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
...

font

iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
python2.7 : an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
afm2tfm : convert Adobe font metrics to TeX font metrics
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
...

mail

nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
avconv : avconv video converter
jack_connect : JACK toolkit clients for connecting & disconnecting ports
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
...

Media Player

airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
python2.7 : an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
lame : create mp3 audio files
...

virtualization

lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
innochecksum : offline InnoDB file checksum utility
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
...

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