network

netcat : NC(1) BSD General Commands Manual NC(1) nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
nmcli : – commandline tool for controlling NetworkManager
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
sftp : secure file transfer program
openssl : OpenSSL command line tool
...

shell

busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
watch : execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
locale : specific information.
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
xargs : build and execute command lines from standard input
...

filesystem

resize2fs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
fsck : check and repair a Linux filesystem
chown : change file owner and group
passwd : change user password
aireplay-ng : inject packets into a wireless network to generate traffic
fsck.ext4 : check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
...

programming

strace : trace system calls and signals
MAKEDEV : create devices
busybox : The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
startpar : start runlevel scripts in parallel
ncurses5-config : helper script for ncurses libraries
ppmtosixel : convert a portable pixmap into DEC sixel format
...

file

passwd : change user password
su : change user ID or become superuser
mkfs.ext2 : create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
egrep : , fgrep, rgrep print lines matching a pattern
hexdump : , hd ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
...

graphic manipulation

start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
gimp : an image manipulation and paint program.
mkntfs : create an NTFS file system
dvipos : compute positions in a DVI file
grap2graph : convert a grap diagram into a cropped bitmap image
ppmshift : shift lines of a portable pixmap left or right by a random amount
...

database

mysqlimport : a data import program
mysqld_safe : MySQL server startup script
nm-tool : utility to report NetworkManager state and devices
telnet : user interface to the TELNET protocol
arch : print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
mysql_fix_extensions : normalize table file name extensions
...

X

gnome-terminal : is a terminal emulation application.
xfreerdp : FreeRDP X11 client
zenity : display GTK+ dialogs
update-grub : stub for grub-mkconfig
yuvdenoise : Motion-Compensating-YUV4MPEG2-frame-denoiser
avconv : avconv video converter
...

package management

dh_auto_test : automatically runs a package’s test suites
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
dpkg-shlibdeps : generate shared library substvar dependencies
dh_auto_build : automatically builds a package
dpkg-architecture : set and determine the architecture for package building
dh_installcron : install cron scripts into etc/cron.*
...

printer

ppdc : cups ppd compiler
ghostscript : Ghostscript (PostScript and PDF language interpreter and previewer)
passwd : change user password
lpadmin : configure cups printers and classes
cups-calibrate : ESP CUPS Printer Calibration Tool
smbspool : send a print file to an SMB printer
...

text manipulation

passwd : change user password
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
cut : remove sections from each line of files
grep : print lines matching a pattern
chcon : change file security context
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
...

privacy

passwd : change user password
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
chroot : run command or interactive shell with special root directory
tor : The second-generation onion router
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

sound manipulation

audacity : Graphical cross-platform audio editor
gst-launch-1.0 : build and run a GStreamer pipeline
passwd : change user password
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
gst-typefind-0.10 : print MIME type of file
wavpack : encode wav files to wavpack
...

Access Control List

su : change user ID or become superuser
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
groupadd : create a new group
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
...

file compression

pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
scp-dbus-service :
file-roller : archive manager for GNOME
lzcat : Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
airtun-ng : a virtual tunnel interface creator for aircrack-ng
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

boot settings

dh_installppp : install ppp ip-up and ip-down files
kerneloops : program to collect and submit kernel oopses to kerneloops.org
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
grub-mkimage : make a bootable image of GRUB
passwd : change user password
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
...

text editor

sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
view : Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
bibtex.original : make a bibliography for (La)TeX
lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
find : search for files in a directory hierarchy
...

font

spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
debugfs : ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
ofm2opl : convert Omega and TeX font-metric files to property-list files
passwd : change user password
cweave : translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
mft : translate Metafont or MetaPost code to TeX code for prettyprinting
...

webserver

a2ensite : enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host
passwd : change user password
iconv : Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
pdb3.3 : the Python debugger
...

mail

lame : create mp3 audio files
loadunimap : load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
mimeopen : Open files by mimetype
lockfile-remove : command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files and mailboxes (via liblockfile).
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
...

Media Player

lame : create mp3 audio files
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
amarok : The audio player for KDE
sha1sum : compute and check SHA1 message digest
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
...

virtualization

ping : 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
start-stop-daemon : start and stop system daemon programs
VBoxControl : x86 virtualization solution
spd-conf : A simple tool for basic configuration of Speech Dispatcher and problem diagnostics
nohup : run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
passwd : change user password
...

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