Linux Commands Examples

A great documentation place for Linux commands

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P

p7zip - Wrapper on 7zr, a 7-zip file archiver with high compression ratio
pacat - Play back or record raw or encoded audio streams on a PulseAudio sound server
pack200
packetforge-ng - forge packets: ARP, UDP, ICMP or custom packets.
pacmd - Reconfigure a PulseAudio sound server during runtime
pactl - Control a running PulseAudio sound server
padsp - PulseAudio OSS Wrapper
pager - opposite of more
pal2rgb - convert a palette color TIFF image to a full color image
palmtopnm - convert a Palm pixmap into a portable anymap
pam-auth-update - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles
pamcut - cut a rectangle out of a PAM, PBM, PGM, or PPM image
pamdeinterlace - remove ever other row from a PAM/PNM image
pamdice - slice a Netpbm image into many horizontally and/or vertically
pamfile - describe a Netpbm (PAM or PNM) file
pamoil - turn a PAM image into an oil painting
pamon - Play back or record raw or encoded audio streams on a PulseAudio sound server
pamstack - stack planes of multiple PAM images into one PAM image
pamstretch - scale up a PNM or PAM image by interpolating between pixels
pamstretch-gen - use pamstretch and pnmscale to scale by non-integer values
pam_getenv - get environment variables from /etc/environment
pam_tally - The login counter (tallying) module
pam_tally2 - The login counter (tallying) module
pam_timestamp_check - Check to see if the default timestamp is valid
paperconf - print paper configuration information
paperconfig - configure the system default paper size
paplay - Play back audio files on a PulseAudio sound server
parec - Play back or record raw or encoded audio streams on a PulseAudio sound server
parecord - Play back or record raw or encoded audio streams on a PulseAudio sound server
parsechangelog - parse Debian changelogs and output them in other formats
parted - GNU Parted - a partition manipulation program
partprobe - inform the OS of partition table changes
partx - tell the Linux kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
passwd - change user password
paste - merge lines of files
pastebinit - command-line pastebin client
pasuspender - Temporarily suspend PulseAudio
patch - apply a diff file to an original
patgen - generate patterns for TeX hyphenation
pathchk - check whether file names are valid or portable
pax11publish - PulseAudio X11 Credential Utility
pbget - decode and decompress arbitrary files from pastebin.com
pbibtex
pbmclean - flip isolated pixels in portable bitmap
pbmlife - apply Conway’s rules of Life to a portable bitmap
pbmmake - create a blank bitmap of a specified size
pbmmask - create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap
pbmpage - create a one page test pattern for printing
pbmpscale - enlarge a portable bitmap with edge smoothing
pbmreduce - read a portable bitmap and reduce it N times
pbmtext - render text into a bitmap
pbmtextps - render text into a bitmap via postscript
pbmto10x - convert a portable bitmap into Gemini 10X printer graphics
pbmtoascii - convert a portable bitmap into ASCII graphics
pbmtoatk - convert portable bitmap to Andrew Toolkit raster object
pbmtobbnbg - convert a portable bitmap into BitGraph graphics
pbmtocmuwm - convert a portable bitmap into a CMU window manager bitmap
pbmtoepsi - convert a portable bitmap into an encapsulated PostScript style preview bitmap
pbmtoepson - convert a portable bitmap into Epson printer graphics
pbmtog3 - convert a portable bitmap into a Group 3 fax file
pbmtogem - convert a portable bitmap into a GEM .img file
pbmtogo - convert a portable bitmap into compressed GraphOn graphics
pbmtoicon - convert a portable bitmap into a Sun icon
pbmtolj - convert a portable bitmap into HP LaserJet format
pbmtomacp - convert a portable bitmap into a MacPaint file
pbmtomda - convert a portable bitmap to a Microdesign .mda
pbmtomgr - convert a portable bitmap into a MGR bitmap
pbmtonokia - convert a portable bitmap to Nokia Smart Messaging Formats
pbmtopgm - convert portable bitmap to portable graymap by averaging areas
pbmtopi3 - convert a portable bitmap into an Atari Degas .pi3 file
pbmtoplot - convert a portable bitmap into a Unix plot(5) file
pbmtoppa - convert PBM image to HP Printer Performance Architecture (PPA)
pbmtopsg3 - convert PBM images to Postscript with G3 fax compression
pbmtoptx - convert a portable bitmap into Printronix printer graphics
pbmtowbmp - convert a portable bitmap to a wireless bitmap (wbmp) file
pbmtox10bm - convert a portable bitmap into an X10 bitmap
pbmtoxbm - convert a portable bitmap into an X11 bitmap
pbmtoybm - convert a portable bitmap into a Bennet Yee "face" file
pbmtozinc - convert a portable bitmap into a Zinc bitmap
pbmupc - create a Universal Product Code bitmap
pbput - s compress, encrypt, encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com pbget - decode and decompress arbitrary files from pastebin.com
pbputs - compress, encrypt, encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com pbget - decode and decompress arbitrary files from pastebin.com
pccardctl - PCMCIA card control utility lspcmcia - display extended PCMCIA debugging information
pcimodules - List kernel driver modules available for all currently plugged in PCI devices
pcxtoppm - convert a PCX file into a portable pixmap
pdb - the Python debugger
pdb2.7 - the Python debugger
pdb3 - the Python debugger
pdb3.2 - the Python debugger
pdb3.3 - the Python debugger
pdf2dsc - generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
pdf2ps - Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator
pdfatfi
pdfclose - open or close a PDF file viewer
pdfdetach - Portable Document Format (PDF) document embedded file extractor (version 3.03)
pdfetex - PDF output from e-TeX
pdffonts - Portable Document Format (PDF) font analyzer (version 3.03)
pdfimages - Portable Document Format (PDF) image extractor (version 3.03)
pdfinfo - Portable Document Format (PDF) document information extractor (version 3.03)
pdflatex - pdftex, pdfinitex, pdfvirtex - PDF output from TeX
pdfmom - Produce PDF documents using the mom macro set
pdfopen - open or close a PDF file viewer
pdfroff - create PDF documents using groff
pdfseparate - Portable Document Format (PDF) page extractor
pdftex - , pdfinitex, pdfvirtex PDF output from TeX
pdftexi2dvi - convert Texinfo documents to PDF
pdftocairo - Portable Document Format (PDF) to PNG/JPEG/PDF/PS/EPS/SVG using cairo
pdftohtml - program to convert PDF files into HTML, XML and PNG images
pdftoppm - Portable Document Format (PDF) to Portable Pixmap (PPM) converter (version 3.03)
pdftops - Portable Document Format (PDF) to PostScript converter (version 3.03)
pdftosrc - extract source file or stream from PDF file
pdftotext - Portable Document Format (PDF) to text converter (version 3.03)
pdfunite - Portable Document Format (PDF) page merger
pdvitomp
pdvitype
pear
peardev
pecl
peekfd - peek at file descriptors of running processes
performous - The free music and rhythm game
perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter
perl5.14.2 - The Perl 5 language interpreter
perlbug - how to submit bug reports on Perl
perldoc
perlivp - Perl Installation Verification Procedure
perlthanks - how to submit bug reports on Perl
perror - explain error codes
pf2afm - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font files using ghostscript
pfb2pfa - convert a type1 pfb file (binary MSDOS) into a pfa (ASCII)
pfbtopfa - Convert Postscript .pfb fonts to .pfa format using ghostscript
pfbtops - translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII
pftp - FTP(1) BSD General Commands Manual FTP(1) ftp — Internet file transfer program
pg - browse pagewise through text files
pgawk - pattern scanning and processing language
pgm2txt
pgmbentley - Bentleyize a portable graymap
pgmcrater - create cratered terrain by fractal forgery
pgmedge - edge-detect a portable graymap
pgmenhance - edge-enhance a portable graymap
pgmhist - print a histogram of the values in a portable graymap
pgmkernel - generate a convolution kernel
pgmnoise - create a graymap made up of white noise
pgmnorm - normalize the contrast in a Netbpm image
pgmoil - turn a PAM image into an oil painting
pgmramp - generate a grayscale ramp
pgmslice - extract one line of pixel values out of a portable graymap
pgmtexture - calculate textural features on a portable graymap
pgmtofs - convert portable graymap to Usenix FaceSaver(tm) format
pgmtolispm - convert a portable graymap into Lisp Machine format
pgmtopbm - convert a portable graymap into a portable bitmap
pgmtoppm - colorize a portable graymap into a portable pixmap
pgmtoy4m - Convert mpeg2dec pgm and pgmpipe output to YUV4MPEG2
pgrep - , pkill look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
php - PHP Command Line Interface ’CLI’
php5 - PHP Command Line Interface ’CLI’
php5dismod
php5enmod
phpunit - Unit testing suite for PHP
pi1toppm - convert an Atari Degas .pi1 into a portable pixmap
pi3topbm - convert an Atari Degas .pi3 file into a portable bitmap
pic - compile pictures for troff or TeX
pic2graph - convert a PIC diagram into a cropped image
pic2tpic - Convert pic files to tpic format
pico - Nano’s ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
piconv - iconv(1), reinvented in perl
pidof - - find the process ID of a running program.
pilconvert.py
pildriver.py
pilfile.py
pilfont.py
pilprint.py
ping - 6 send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
ping6 - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
pinky - lightweight finger
pivot_root - change the root filesystem
pixeltool
pjtoppm - convert an HP PaintJet file to a portable pixmap
pk2bm - create a bitmap from a TeX pkfont
pkaction - Get details about a registered action
pkcheck - Check whether a process is authorized
pkexec - Execute a command as another user
pkg-config - Return metainformation about installed libraries
pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
pktogf - convert packed font files to generic font files
pkttyagent - Textual authentication helper
pktype - verify and translate a packed font bitmap file to plain text
pl2pm - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
plasma-remote-helper
plasmapkg - Install, list, remove Plasma packages
play - Sound eXchange, the Swiss Army knife of audio manipulation
pldd - list dynamic shared objects loaded into process
plee-the-bear - 2D platform game
plipconfig - fine tune PLIP device parameters
plog - starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
pltotf - convert property list files to TeX font metric (tfm) format
plymouth
plymouth-upstart-bridge
plymouthd
pm-hibernate - Suspend or Hibernate your computer
pm-is-supported - Test whether suspend or hibernate is supported.
pm-powersave - Put your computer into low power mode
pm-suspend - Suspend or Hibernate your computer
pm-suspend-hybrid - Suspend or Hibernate your computer
pmap - report memory map of a process
pmpost
png2yuv - Convert PNG images to the YUV4MPEG stream format.
pngtopnm - convert a Portable Network Graphics file into portable anymap
pnm2ppa - convert portable anymap (PNM) images to HP’s PPA printer format.
pnmalias - antialias a portable anyumap.
pnmarith - perform arithmetic on two portable anymaps
pnmcat - concatenate portable anymaps
pnmcolormap - create quantization color map for a portable anymap
pnmcomp - composite (overlay) two portable anymap files together
pnmconvol - general MxN convolution on a portable anymap
pnmcrop - crop a portable anymap
pnmcut - cut a rectangle out of a portable anymap
pnmdepth - change the maxval in a portable anymap
pnmenlarge - read a portable anymap and enlarge it N times
pnmfile - describe a portable anymap
pnmflip - perform one or more flip operations on a portable anymap
pnmgamma - perform gamma correction on a portable anymap
pnmhisteq - histogram equalise a portable anymap
pnmhistmap - draw a histogram for a PGM or PPM file
pnmindex - build a visual index of a bunch of anymaps
pnminterp - scale up a PNM or PAM image by interpolating between pixels
pnminterp-gen - use pamstretch and pnmscale to scale by non-integer values
pnminvert - invert a portable anymap
pnmmargin - add a border to a portable anymap
pnmmontage - create a montage of portable anymaps
pnmnlfilt - non-linear filters: smooth, alpha trim mean, optimal estimation smoothing, edge enhancement.
pnmnoraw - convert portable any map to plain (ASCII) anymap format
pnmnorm - normalize the contrast in a Netbpm image
pnmpad - add borders to portable anymap
pnmpaste - paste a rectangle into a portable anymap
pnmpsnr - compute the difference between two portable anymaps
pnmquant - quantize the colors in a Netpbm image to a smaller set
pnmremap - replace colors in a PPM image with colors from another set
pnmrotate - rotate a portable anymap by some angle
pnmscale - scale a portable anymap
pnmscalefixed - scale a portable anymap quickly, but less accurate
pnmshear - shear a portable anymap by some angle
pnmsmooth - smooth out an image
pnmsplit - split a multi-image portable anymap into multiple single-image files
pnmtile - replicate a portable anymap into a specified size
pnmtoddif
pnmtofiasco - Convert a portable anymap to FIASCO compressed file
pnmtofits - convert a portable anymap into FITS format
pnmtojpeg - convert PNM image to a JFIF ("JPEG") image
pnmtopalm - convert a portable anymap into a Palm pixmap
pnmtoplainpnm - convert portable any map to plain (ASCII) anymap format
pnmtopng - convert a portable anymap into a Portable Network Graphics file
pnmtops - convert portable anymap to PostScript
pnmtorast - convert a portable pixmap into a Sun rasterfile
pnmtorle - convert a Netpbm image file into an RLE image file.
pnmtosgi - convert a portable anymap to a SGI image file
pnmtosir - convert a portable anymap into a Solitaire format
pnmtotiff - convert a portable anymap into a TIFF file
pnmtotiffcmyk - convert a portable anymap into a CMYK encoded TIFF file
pnmtoxwd - convert a portable anymap into an X11 window dump
pnmtoy4m - Convert PNM/PAM images to YUV4MPEG2 stream
po2debconf - merge master templates file and PO files
pod2html - convert .pod files to .html files
pod2latex - convert pod documentation to latex format
pod2man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
pod2text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
pod2usage - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
podchecker - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
podebconf-display-po - display content of a PO file in a debconf interface
podebconf-report-po - send outdated debconf PO files to the last translators
podselect - print selected sections of pod documentation on standard output
poedit - gettext catalogs editor
poeditor - gettext catalogs editor
poff - , plog starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
policytool
pon - , poff, plog starts up, shuts down or lists the log of PPP connections
pooltype - display a WEB pool file
popcon-largest-unused - List size of unused packages
popularity-contest - list the most popular Debian packages
POST - , HEAD Simple command line user agent
post-grohtml - html driver for groff
poweroff - reboot or stop the system
ppdc - cups ppd compiler
ppdhtml - cups html summary generator
ppdi - import ppd files
ppdmerge - merge ppd files
ppdpo - ppd message catalog generator
pphs
ppltotf
ppm2tiff - create a TIFF file from PPM, PGM and PBM image files
ppm3d - convert two portable pixmap into a red/blue 3d glasses pixmap
ppmbrighten - change an images Saturation and Value from an HSV map
ppmchange - change all pixels of one color to another in a portable pixmap
ppmcie - draw a CIE color chart as a PPM image
ppmcolormask - produce mask of areas of a certain color in a PPM file
ppmcolors - generate a color map of all colors of a certain maxval
ppmdim - dim a portable pixmap down to total blackness
ppmdist - simplistic grayscale assignment for machine generated, color images
ppmdither - ordered dither for color images
ppmfade - generate a transition between two image files using special effects.
ppmflash - brighten a picture up to complete white-out
ppmforge - fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry skies
ppmhist - print a histogram of a portable pixmap
ppmlabel - add text to a portable pixmap
ppmmake - create a pixmap of a specified size and color
ppmmix - blend together two portable pixmaps
ppmnorm - normalize the contrast in a Netbpm image
ppmntsc - make a portable pixmap look like taken from an American TV
ppmpat - make a pretty pixmap
ppmquant - quantize the colors in a portable pixmap down to a specified number
ppmquantall - run ppmquant on a bunch of files all at once, so they share a common colormap
ppmqvga - 8 plane quantization
ppmrainbow - Generate a rainbow
ppmrelief - run a Laplacian relief filter on a portable pixmap
ppmshadow - add simulated shadows to a portable pixmap image
ppmshift - shift lines of a portable pixmap left or right by a random amount
ppmspread - displace a portable pixmap’s pixels by a random amount
ppmtoacad - convert portable pixmap to AutoCAD database or slide
ppmtobmp - convert a portable pixmap into a BMP file
ppmtoeyuv - convert a portable pixmap into a Berkeley YUV file
ppmtogif - convert a portable pixmap into a GIF file
ppmtoicr - convert a portable pixmap into NCSA ICR format
ppmtoilbm - convert a portable pixmap into an ILBM file
ppmtojpeg - convert PNM image to a JFIF ("JPEG") image
ppmtoleaf - convert portable pixmap to Interleaf image format
ppmtolj - convert a portable pixmap to an HP LaserJet PCL 5 Color file
ppmtolss16 - Convert a PPM to an LSS16 image
ppmtomap - extract all colors from a portable pixmap
ppmtomitsu - convert a portable pixmap to a Mitsubishi S340-10 file
ppmtompeg - encodes MPEG-1 bitstreams
ppmtoneo - convert a portable pixmap into an Atari Neochrome .neo file
ppmtopcx - convert a portable pixmap into a PCX file
ppmtopgm - convert a portable pixmap into a portable graymap
ppmtopi1 - convert a portable pixmap into an Atari Degas .pi1 file
ppmtopict - convert a portable pixmap into a Macintosh PICT file
ppmtopj - convert a portable pixmap to an HP PaintJet file
ppmtopuzz - convert a portable pixmap into an X11 "puzzle" file
ppmtorgb3 - separate a portable pixmap into three portable graymaps
ppmtosixel - convert a portable pixmap into DEC sixel format
ppmtotga - convert portable pixmap into a TrueVision Targa file
ppmtouil - convert a portable pixmap into a Motif UIL icon file
ppmtowinicon - convert 1 or more portable pixmaps into a Windows .ico file
ppmtoxpm - convert a portable pixmap into an X11 pixmap
ppmtoy4m - Convert PPM images to YUV4MPEG2 stream
ppmtoyuv - convert a portable pixmap into an Abekas YUV file
ppmtoyuvsplit - convert a portable pixmap into 3 subsampled raw YUV files
ppmtv - make a portable pixmap look like taken from an American TV
pppconfig - configure pppd to connect to the Internet
pppd - Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon
pppdump - convert PPP record file to readable format
pppoe-discovery - perform PPPoE discovery
pppoeconf - configures a PPPoE (ADSL) connection
pppstats - print PPP statistics
pptp - PPTP driver
pptpsetup - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol setup
pr - convert text files for printing
pre-grohtml - html driver for groff
precat - prefix delta compressor for Aspell
preconv - convert encoding of input files to something GNU troff understands
prename - renames multiple files
preunzip - , precat prefix delta compressor for Aspell
prezip - , preunzip, precat prefix delta compressor for Aspell
prezip-bin - prefix zip delta word list compressor/decompressor
print - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
printafm - Print the metrics from a Postscript font in AFM format using ghostscript
printenv - print all or part of environment
printer-profile - Profile using X-Rite ColorMunki and Argyll CMS
printerbanner - print large banner on printer
printf - format and print data
protoc - compile protocol buffer description files
prove - Run tests through a TAP harness.
prtstat - print statistics of a process
ps - report a snapshot of the current processes.
ps2ascii - Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
ps2epsi - generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
ps2frag - obsolete shell script for the PSfrag system.
ps2pdf - 14 Convert PostScript to PDF 1.4 (Acrobat 5-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf12 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.2 (Acrobat 3-and-later compatible) using ghostscript ps2pdf13 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4-and-later compatible) using ghostscript ps2pdf14 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.4 (Acrobat 5-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf13 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4-and-later compatible) using ghostscript ps2pdf14 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.4 (Acrobat 5-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf14 - Convert PostScript to PDF 1.4 (Acrobat 5-and-later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdfwr - Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying CompatibilityLevel, using ghostscript
ps2pk - creates a TeX pkfont from a type1 PostScript font
ps2ps - , eps2eps Ghostscript PostScript "distiller"
ps2ps2
ps2txt
psbook - rearrange pages in PostScript file into signatures
psed - a stream editor
psfaddtable - add a Unicode character table to a console font
psfgettable - extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
psfstriptable - remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font
psfxtable - handle Unicode character tables for console fonts
psidtopgm - convert PostScript "image" data into a portable graymap
psjoin - psjoin
pslatex - utility to typeset LaTeX files using PostScript fonts
psmerge - filter to merge several PostScript files into one
psnup - multiple pages per sheet
psresize - rescales and centers a document for new output paper size
psselect - select pages from a PostScript file
pstopnm - convert a PostScript file into a portable anymap
pstops - shuffle pages in a PostScript file
pstorm
pstree - display a tree of processes
pstree.x11 - display a tree of processes
pstruct - Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs
ptar - a tar-like program written in perl
ptardiff - program that diffs an extracted archive against an unextracted one
ptargrep - Apply pattern matching to the contents of files in a tar archive
ptex
ptftopl
ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
pulseaudio - The PulseAudio Sound System
purple-remote - Send remote commands to Pidgin/Finch
purple-send
purple-send-async
purple-url-handler
pwck - verify integrity of password files
pwconv - , pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
pwd - print name of current/working directory
pwdx - report current working directory of a process
pwunconv - , grpconv, grpunconv convert to and from shadow passwords and groups
pxelinux-options - utility to set PXELINUX hard-coded options.
py3clean - removes .pyc and .pyo files
py3compile - byte compile Python 3 source files
py3versions - print python3 version information
pybuild - invokes various build systems for requested Python versions in order to build modules and extensions
pyclean - removes .pyc and .pyo files
pycompile - byte compile Python source files
pydoc - the Python documentation tool
pydoc2.7 - the Python documentation tool
pydoc3 - the Python documentation tool
pydoc3.2 - the Python documentation tool
pydoc3.3 - the Python documentation tool
pygettext - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pygettext2.7 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pygettext3 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pygettext3.2 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pygettext3.3 - Python equivalent of xgettext(1)
pyhtmlizer
python - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python2 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python2.7 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3.2 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3.2mu - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3.3 - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3.3m - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
python3m - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
pyvenv-3.3 - create virtual python environments
pyversions - print python version information

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