xterm
terminal emulator for X
see also :
resize - luit - uxterm - X - tty
Synopsis
xterm
[-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...]
[shell]
add an example, a script, a trick and tips
examples
source
function xterm {
apt-get install -y xterm
}
source
Vim copy-paste across terminals
Probably the simplest thing for you to try is to put set
clipboard=unnamed
in your .vimrc
and restart
your vim sessions.
This lets you run yank
(e.g. yy
) in one
window, and put
(e.g. p
) in another
window will just work, because all vim sessions will be sharing
the same X selection buffer.
On the downside, your yank buffer will be overwritten as soon as
you select some text in any other window of any application.
On the upside, it also means anything you yank in vim can now be
pasted into any application by middle clicking.
If you don't like that way, you can type "+
or
"*
before your yank and put commands, e.g.
"+yy
to yank a line.
The +
forms interact with the clipboard
("+y
is like Ctrl+C,
"+p
is like Ctrl+V).
The *
forms interact with the selection buffer
("*y
is like left click and drag, "*p
is like middle click).
See Making
GUI Selections,
X11 selection support, and the
clipboard and mouse
options for details.
source
How do I make XTerm not use bold?
X resources aren't reloaded until you reload the X windowing
system, and they aren't polled unless you restart the executable
which is doing it. Try running
xrdb ~/.Xresources
in your current session. Then start another xterm. The next time
you start X (relogin or reboot) the resources should be read
automatically.
Another thing to try is to use a wildcard to make sure that it is
picking up the resource correctly. Use
XTerm*boldMode: false
instead.
Yet another thing to check is that you are actually running
xterm
when you run a terminal process. If not, you
will need to change the fonts with a different resource.
source
How can I invoke a function in bash shell script
When you invoke $(one_func)
, it will execute the
function, and return the output. So if you say, for example:
var=$(ls)
it will store the output of the ls
command (i.e. the
list of files in the current directory) into the variable
$var
. While the command:
var=ls
will just set the value of $var
to "ls".
By the way, calling a function in bash works the same way as
executing a command.
source
How can I run byobu from xterm at starting?
To do this with mate-terminal specifically you'll want to:
- Create a profile (in the mate-terminal app go to
Edit=>Profiles...)
- Name the profile (eg. "foo")
- Set the profile to "Run a custom command instead of my shell"
(and have it run byobu)
- Start mate-terminal with the extra arg --profile=foo (or
whatever you named it)
- mate-terminal will start up with profile "foo", which will
make it run byobu
Depending on the program (I don't know byobu) it may or may not
exit immediately. If it does, I forget exactly how to fix it, but
essentially you need to make a script that runs byobu instead,
then runs bash, and have mate-terminal run that script instead.
If you Google for something like "gnome-terminal profile run
custom command exit" you should find more details.
Hope that helps.
* Edit *
I said "mate-terminal specifically" because mate-terminal has
slightly different command line arguments than its predecessor
(gnome-terminal). However, for any non-MATE users reading this,
the same answer applies, you just need to do "man your-terminal"
or "your-terminal --help" to find out the equivalent of
"--profile" to use.
source
alt-d alt-f etc. stops working in my xterm
you need
xterm*metaSendsEscape: true
in your ~/.Xdefaults
xrdb ~/.Xdefaults
Start a new xterm, hopefully that shouldn't have the problem
anymore
source
When using screen, I see me as logged in twice through 'who'
Server 1 who-output look incorrect, because
:S.0
-like suffix should present if you have screen
session.
Please show full who-output before and after screen-running.
source
Prevent vim from clearing the clipboard on exit
I don't have a good answer, and I don't have access at the moment
to a system running X to experiment with, but this topic is
discussed in the Vim reference manual here:
:help x11-selection
You didn't say how you copied text to the clipboard, but if you
used the *
register, it might help to use the
+
register instead.
source
WMII Terminal Width of 80 Columns for xterm (colrules)
Using colrules and percentages, as you said, can't take you
anywhere.
If you are forced to manual resizing, then, instead of using the
mouse, you can add the following to your wmiirc
script in order to control the width of a client using keyboard
shortcuts:
Key $MODKEY-Control-h
wmiir xwrite /tag/sel/ctl grow sel sel left +2
Key $MODKEY-Control-j
wmiir xwrite /tag/sel/ctl grow sel sel left -2
Key $MODKEY-Control-k
wmiir xwrite /tag/sel/ctl grow sel sel right -2
Key $MODKEY-Control-l
wmiir xwrite /tag/sel/ctl grow sel sel right +2
See the section Configuration
of the wmii man page
for more info.
Since you can not specify a fixed width using the grow command,
then, supposing that you know how many pixels you want your
column, say width=600
, you can do something like:
-
read the width of the first column:
cur_width=$(wmiir cat /tag/sel/index | grep '^# 1' | awk '{print $4}')
-
grow or shrink the selected client by the needed amount:
wmiir xwrite /tag/sel/ctl grow sel sel right $(($width - $cur_width))px
But you will have to work a bit to make it flexible to different
resolution, different columns etc.
source
TWM: Bring xterm to front on clicking anywhere in the window
Try something like:
Button1 = : window : f.raise
Button1 = : title | frame : f.function "move-or-raise"
Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
in your ~/.twmrc
See twm(1) under "BINDINGS".
source
How do you kill a Xterm instance in Tiny window Manager using mouse pointer?
Would xkill help?
Just type
xkill
and then left click on the window you want to close.
description
The
xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window
System. It provides DEC VT102/VT220 (VTxxx) and Tektronix
4014 compatible terminals for programs that cannot use the
window system directly. If the underlying operating system
supports terminal resizing capabilities (for example, the
SIGWINCH signal in systems derived from 4.3bsd),
xterm will use the facilities to notify programs
running in the window whenever it is resized.
The VTxxx and
Tektronix 4014 terminals each have their own window so that
you can edit text in one and look at graphics in the other
at the same time. To maintain the correct aspect ratio
(height/width), Tektronix graphics will be restricted to the
largest box with a 4014’s aspect ratio that will fit
in the window. This box is located in the upper left area of
the window.
Although both
windows may be displayed at the same time, one of them is
considered the “active” window for receiving
keyboard input and terminal output. This is the window that
contains the text cursor. The active window can be chosen
through escape sequences, the “VT Options” menu
in the VTxxx window, and the “Tek Options” menu
in the 4014 window.
options
The
xterm terminal emulator accepts the standard X
Toolkit command line options as well as many
application-specific options. If the option begins with a
’+’ instead of a
’-’, the option is restored to its
default value. The -version and
-help options are interpreted even if
xterm cannot open the display, and are useful for
testing and configuration scripts. Along with
-class, they are checked before other options.
-version
This causes xterm to
print a version number to the standard output, and then
exit.
-help
This causes xterm to print out a verbose message
describing its options, one per line. The message is written
to the standard output. After printing the message,
xterm exits. Xterm generates this message,
sorting it and noting whether a
“-option” or a
“+option” turns the feature on or
off, since some features historically have been one or the
other. Xterm generates a concise help message
(multiple options per line) when an unknown option is used,
e.g.,
xterm
-z
If the logic
for a particular option such as logging is not compiled
into xterm, the help text for that option also
is not displayed by the -help option.
One parameter
(after all options) may be given. That overrides
xterm’s built-in choice of shell program.
Normally xterm checks the SHELL variable. If that is
not set, xterm tries to use the shell program
specified in the password file. If that is not set,
xterm uses /bin/sh. If the parameter is not a
relative path, i.e., beginning with “./” or
“../”, xterm looks for the file in the
user’s PATH. In either case, it constructs an absolute
path. The -e option cannot be used with this
parameter since it uses all parameters following the
option.
The other
options are used to control the appearance and behavior. Not
all options are necessarily configured into your copy of
xterm:
-132
Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM
escape sequence that switches between 80 and 132 column mode
is ignored. This option causes the DECCOLM escape sequence
to be recognized, and the xterm window will resize
appropriately.
-ah
This option indicates that xterm should always
highlight the text cursor. By default, xterm will
display a hollow text cursor whenever the focus is lost or
the pointer leaves the window.
+ah
This option indicates that xterm should do text
cursor highlighting based on focus.
-ai
This option disables active icon support if that feature
was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to
setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to
“false”.
+ai
This option enables active icon support if that feature
was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to
setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to
“true”.
-aw
This option indicates that auto-wraparound should be
allowed. This allows the cursor to automatically wrap to the
beginning of the next line when it is at the rightmost
position of a line and text is output.
+aw
This option indicates that auto-wraparound should not be
allowed.
-b
number
This option specifies the size
of the inner border (the distance between the outer edge of
the characters and the window border) in pixels. That is the
vt100 internalBorder resource. The default is
“2”.
+bc
turn off text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bc
turn on text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bcf
milliseconds
set the amount of time text
cursor is off when blinking via the cursorOffTime
resource.
-bcn
milliseconds
set the amount of time text
cursor is on when blinking via the cursorOffTime
resource.
-bdc
Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to
“false”, disabling the display of characters
with bold attribute as color
+bdc
Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to
“true”, enabling the display of characters with
bold attribute as color rather than bold
-cb
Set the vt100 resource
cutToBeginningOfLine to “false”.
+cb
Set the vt100 resource
cutToBeginningOfLine to “true”.
-cc
characterclassrange:value[,...]
This sets classes indicated by
the given ranges for using in selecting by words. See the
section specifying character classes. and discussion of the
charClass resource.
-cjk_width
Set the cjkWidth
resource to “true”. When turned on, characters
with East Asian Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a
column width of 2. Otherwise, they have a column width of 1.
This may be useful for some legacy CJK text terminal-based
programs assuming box drawings and others to have a column
width of 2. It also should be turned on when you specify a
TrueType CJK double-width (bi-width/monospace) font either
with -fa at the command line or faceName
resource. The default is “false”
+cjk_width
Reset the cjkWidth
resource.
-class
string
This option allows you to
override xterm’s resource class. Normally it is
“XTerm”, but can be set to another class such as
“UXTerm” to override selected resources.
-cm
This option disables recognition of ANSI color-change
escape sequences. It sets the colorMode resource to
“false”.
+cm
This option enables recognition of ANSI color-change
escape sequences. This is the same as the vt100
resource colorMode.
-cn
This option indicates that newlines should not be cut in
line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource
to “false”.
+cn
This option indicates that newlines should be cut in
line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline resource
to “true”.
-cr
color
This option specifies the color
to use for text cursor. The default is to use the same
foreground color that is used for text. It sets the
cursorColor resource according to the parameter.
-cu
This option indicates that xterm should work
around a bug in the more(1) program that causes it to
incorrectly display lines that are exactly the width of the
window and are followed by a line beginning with a tab (the
leading tabs are not displayed). This option is so named
because it was originally thought to be a bug in the
curses(3x) cursor motion package.
+cu
This option indicates that xterm should not work
around the more(1) bug mentioned above.
-dc
This option disables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors: the vt100 foreground and background colors,
its text cursor color, the pointer cursor foreground and
background colors, the Tektronix emulator foreground and
background colors, its text cursor color and highlight
color. The option sets the dynamicColors option to
“false”.
+dc
This option enables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors. The option sets the dynamicColors
option to “true”.
-e program
[ arguments ... ]
This option specifies the
program (and its command line arguments) to be run in the
xterm window. It also sets the window title and icon
name to be the basename of the program being executed if
neither -T nor -n are given on the
command line. This must be the last option on the command
line.
-en
encoding
This option determines the
encoding on which xterm runs. It sets the
locale resource. Encodings other than UTF-8 are
supported by using luit. The -lc option
should be used instead of -en for systems with
locale support.
-fb
font
This option specifies a font to
be used when displaying bold text. It sets the
boldFont resource.
This font must
be the same height and width as the normal font, otherwise
it is ignored. If only one of the normal or bold fonts is
specified, it will be used as the normal font and the bold
font will be produced by overstriking this font.
See also the
discussion of boldMode and alwaysBoldMode
resources.
-fa
pattern
This option sets the pattern
for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for
that library was compiled into xterm. This
corresponds to the faceName resource. When a CJK
double-width font is specified, you also need to turn on the
cjkWidth resource.
See also the
renderFont resource, which combines with this to
determine whether FreeType fonts are initially active.
-fbb
This option indicates that xterm should compare
normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are
compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to
“false”.
+fbb
This option indicates that xterm should not
compare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they
are compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to
“true”.
-fbx
This option indicates that xterm should not
assume that the normal and bold fonts have VT100
line-drawing characters. If any are missing, xterm
will draw the characters directly. It sets the
forceBoxChars resource to “false”.
+fbx
This option indicates that xterm should assume
that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing
characters. It sets the forceBoxChars resource to
“true”.
-fd
pattern
This option sets the pattern
for double-width fonts selected from the FreeType library if
support for that library was compiled into xterm.
This corresponds to the faceNameDoublesize
resource.
-fi
font
This option sets the font for
active icons if that feature was compiled into
xterm.
See also the
discussion of the iconFont resource.
-fs
size
This option sets the pointsize
for fonts selected from the FreeType library if support for
that library was compiled into xterm. This
corresponds to the faceSize resource.
-fullscreen
This option indicates that
xterm should ask the window manager to let it use the
full-screen for display, e.g., without window decorations.
It sets the fullscreen resource to
“true”.
+fullscreen
This option indicates that
xterm should not ask the window manager to let it use
the full-screen for display. It sets the fullscreen
resource to “false”.
-fw
font
This option specifies the font
to be used for displaying wide text. By default, it will
attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw normal text. If no double-width font is found,
it will improvise, by stretching the normal font. This
corresponds to the wideFont resource.
-fwb
font
This option specifies the font
to be used for displaying bold wide text. By default, it
will attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font that
will be used to draw bold text. If no double-width font is
found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold font. This
corresponds to the wideBoldFont resource.
-fx
font
This option specifies the font
to be used for displaying the preedit string in the
“OverTheSpot” input method.
See also the
discussion of the ximFont resource.
-hc
color
(see -selbg).
-hf
This option indicates that HP Function Key escape codes
should be generated for function keys. It sets the
hpFunctionKeys resource to “true”.
+hf
This option indicates that HP Function Key escape codes
should not be generated for function keys. It sets the
hpFunctionKeys resource to “false”.
-hm
Tells xterm to use highlightTextColor and
highlightColor to override the reversed
foreground/background colors in a selection. It sets the
highlightColorMode resource to
“true”.
+hm
Tells xterm not to use highlightTextColor
and highlightColor to override the reversed
foreground/background colors in a selection. It sets the
highlightColorMode resource to
“false”.
-hold
Turn on the hold resource, i.e., xterm
will not immediately destroy its window when the shell
command completes. It will wait until you use the window
manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu
entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL.
+hold
Turn off the hold resource, i.e., xterm
will immediately destroy its window when the shell command
completes.
-ie
Turn on the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., use
the pseudo-terminal’s sense of the stty erase
value.
+ie
Turn off the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., set
the stty erase value using the kb string from
the termcap entry as a reference, if available.
-im
Turn on the useInsertMode resource, which forces
use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the
TERMCAP environment variable.
+im
Turn off the useInsertMode resource.
-into
windowId
Given an X window identifier
(an integer, which can be hexadecimal, octal or decimal
according to whether it begins with "0x",
"0" or neither), xterm will reparent its
top-level shell widget to that window. This is used to embed
xterm within other applications.
For instance,
there are scripts for Tcl/Tk and Gtk which can be used to
demonstrate the feature. When using Gtk, there is a
limitation of that toolkit which requires that
xterm’s allowSendEvents resource is
enabled.
-j
This option indicates that xterm should do jump
scrolling. It corresponds to the jumpScroll resource.
Normally, text is scrolled one line at a time; this option
allows xterm to move multiple lines at a time so that
it does not fall as far behind. Its use is strongly
recommended since it makes xterm much faster when
scanning through large amounts of text. The VT100 escape
sequences for enabling and disabling smooth scroll as well
as the “VT Options” menu can be used to turn
this feature on or off.
+j
This option indicates that xterm should not do
jump scrolling.
-k8
This option sets the allowC1Printable resource.
When allowC1Printable is set, xterm overrides
the mapping of C1 control characters (code 128-159) to treat
them as printable.
+k8
This option resets the allowC1Printable
resource.
-kt
keyboardtype
This option sets the
keyboardType resource. Possible values include:
“unknown”, “default”,
“hp”, “sco”, “sun”,
“tcap” and “vt220”.
The value
“unknown”, causes the corresponding resource to
be ignored.
The value
“default”, suppresses the associated resources
hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys,
sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys and
sunKeyboard, using the Sun/PC keyboard layout.
-l
Turn logging on. Normally logging is not supported, due
to security concerns. Some versions of xterm may have
logging enabled. The logfile is written to the directory
from which xterm is invoked. The filename is
generated, of the form
XtermLog.XXXXXX
or
Xterm.log.hostname.yyyy.mm.dd.hh.mm.ss.XXXXXX
depending on
how xterm was built.
+l
Turn logging off.
-lc
Turn on support of various encodings according to the
users’ locale setting, i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG
environment variables. This is achieved by turning on UTF-8
mode and by invoking luit for conversion between
locale encodings and UTF-8. (luit is not invoked in
UTF-8 locales.) This corresponds to the locale
resource.
The actual list
of encodings which are supported is determined by
luit. Consult the luit manual page for further
details.
See also the
discussion of the -u8 option which supports
UTF-8 locales.
+lc
Turn off support of automatic
selection of locale encodings. Conventional 8bit mode or, in
UTF-8 locales or with -u8 option, UTF-8 mode
will be used.
-lcc
path
File name for the encoding
converter from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used
with -lc option or locale resource. This
corresponds to the localeFilter resource.
-leftbar
Force scrollbar to the left
side of VT100 screen. This is the default, unless you have
set the rightScrollBar resource.
-lf
filename
Specify the log-filename. See
the -l option.
-ls
This option indicates that the shell that is started in
the xterm window will be a login shell (i.e., the
first character of argv[0] will be a dash, indicating to the
shell that it should read the user’s .login or
.profile).
The
-ls flag and the loginShell resource are
ignored if -e is also given, because
xterm does not know how to make the shell start the
given command after whatever it does when it is a login
shell - the user’s shell of choice need not be a
Bourne shell after all. Also, xterm -e is
supposed to provide a consistent functionality for other
applications that need to start text-mode programs in a
window, and if loginShell were not ignored, the
result of ~/.profile might interfere with that.
If you do want
the effect of -ls and -e
simultaneously, you may get away with something like
xterm -e /bin/bash -l -c "my command here"
Finally,
-ls is not completely ignored, because
xterm -ls -e does write a
/var/log/wtmp entry (if configured to do so), whereas
xterm -e does not.
-maximized
This option indicates that
xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its
layout on startup. This corresponds to the maximized
resource.
Maximizing is
not the reverse of iconifying; it is possible to do both
with certain window managers.
+maximized
This option indicates that
xterm should ask the window manager to maximize its
layout on startup.
+ls
This option indicates that the shell that is started
should not be a login shell (i.e., it will be a normal
“subshell”).
-mb
This option indicates that xterm should ring a
margin bell when the user types near the right end of a
line.
+mb
This option indicates that margin bell should not be
rung.
-mc
milliseconds
This option specifies the
maximum time between multi-click selections.
-mesg
Turn off the messages resource, i.e., disallow
write access to the terminal.
+mesg
Turn on the messages resource, i.e., allow write
access to the terminal.
-mk_width
Set the mkWidth resource
to “true”. This makes xterm use a
built-in version of the wide-character width calculation.
The default is “false”
+mk_width
Reset the mkWidth
resource.
-ms
color
This option specifies the color
to be used for the pointer cursor. The default is to use the
foreground color. This sets the pointerColor
resource.
-nb
number
This option specifies the
number of characters from the right end of a line at which
the margin bell, if enabled, will ring. The default is
“10”.
-nul
This option disables the display of underlining.
+nul
This option enables the display of underlining.
-pc
This option enables the PC-style use of bold colors (see
boldColors resource).
+pc
This option disables the PC-style use of bold
colors.
-pob
This option indicates that the window should be raised
whenever a Control-G is received.
+pob
This option indicates that the window should not be
raised whenever a Control-G is received.
-rightbar
Force scrollbar to the right
side of VT100 screen.
-rvc
This option disables the display of characters with
reverse attribute as color.
+rvc
This option enables the display of characters with
reverse attribute as color.
-rw
This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should be
allowed. This allows the cursor to back up from the leftmost
column of one line to the rightmost column of the previous
line. This is very useful for editing long shell command
lines and is encouraged. This option can be turned on and
off from the “VT Options” menu.
+rw
This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should not
be allowed.
-s
This option indicates that xterm may scroll
asynchronously, meaning that the screen does not have to be
kept completely up to date while scrolling. This allows
xterm to run faster when network latencies are very
high and is typically useful when running across a very
large internet or many gateways.
+s
This option indicates that xterm should scroll
synchronously.
-samename
Does not send title and icon
name change requests when the request would have no effect:
the name is not changed. This has the advantage of
preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an
extra round trip to the server to find out the previous
value. In practice this should never be a problem.
+samename
Always send title and icon name
change requests.
-sb
This option indicates that some number of lines that are
scrolled off the top of the window should be saved and that
a scrollbar should be displayed so that those lines can be
viewed. This option may be turned on and off from the
“VT Options” menu.
+sb
This option indicates that a scrollbar should not be
displayed.
-selbg
color
This option specifies the color
to use for the background of selected text. If not
specified, reverse video is used. See the discussion of the
highlightColor resource.
-selfg
color
This option specifies the color
to use for selected text. If not specified, reverse video is
used. See the discussion of the highlightTextColor
resource.
-sf
This option indicates that Sun Function Key escape codes
should be generated for function keys.
+sf
This option indicates that the standard escape codes
should be generated for function keys.
-sh
number
scale line-height values by the
given number. See the discussion of the scaleHeight
resource.
-si
This option indicates that output to a window should not
automatically reposition the screen to the bottom of the
scrolling region. This option can be turned on and off from
the “VT Options” menu.
+si
This option indicates that output to a window should
cause it to scroll to the bottom.
-sk
This option indicates that pressing a key while using
the scrollbar to review previous lines of text should cause
the window to be repositioned automatically in the normal
position at the bottom of the scroll region.
+sk
This option indicates that pressing a key while using
the scrollbar should not cause the window to be
repositioned.
-sl
number
This option specifies the
number of lines to save that have been scrolled off the top
of the screen. This corresponds to the saveLines
resource. The default is “64”.
-sm
This option, corresponding to the sessionMgt
resource, indicates that xterm should set up session
manager callbacks.
+sm
This option indicates that xterm should not set
up session manager callbacks.
-sp
This option indicates that Sun/PC keyboard should be
assumed, providing mapping for keypad “+’ to
“,’, and CTRL-F1 to F13, CTRL-F2 to F14,
etc.
+sp
This option indicates that the standard escape codes
should be generated for keypad and function keys.
-t
This option indicates that xterm should start in
Tektronix mode, rather than in VT102 mode. Switching between
the two windows is done using the “Options”
menus. Termcap(5) entries that work with xterm
“tek4014”, “tek4015”,
“tek4012”, “tek4013”,
“tek4010”, and “dumb”. xterm
automatically searches the termcap file in this order for
these entries and then sets the “TERM” and the
“TERMCAP” environment variables.
+t
This option indicates that xterm should start in
VT102 mode.
-tb
This option, corresponding to the toolBar
resource, indicates that xterm should display a
toolbar (or menubar) at the top of its window. The buttons
in the toolbar correspond to the popup menus, e.g.,
control/left/mouse for “Main Options”.
+tb
This option indicates that xterm should not set
up a toolbar.
-ti
term_id
Specify the name used by
xterm to select the correct response to terminal ID
queries. It also specifies the emulation level, used to
determine the type of response to a DA control sequence.
Valid values include vt52, vt100, vt101, vt102, and vt220
(the “vt” is optional). The default is
“vt100”. The term_id argument specifies the
terminal ID to use. (This is the same as the
decTerminalID resource).
-tm
string
This option specifies a series
of terminal setting keywords followed by the characters that
should be bound to those functions, similar to the
stty program. The keywords and their values are
described in detail in the ttyModes resource.
-tn
name
This option specifies the name
of the terminal type to be set in the TERM environment
variable. It corresponds to the termName resource.
This terminal type must exist in the terminal database
(termcap or terminfo, depending on how xterm is
built) and should have li# and co# entries. If
the terminal type is not found, xterm uses the
built-in list “xterm”, “vt102”,
etc.
-u8
This option sets the utf8 resource. When
utf8 is set, xterm interprets incoming data as
UTF-8. This sets the wideChars resource as a
side-effect, but the UTF-8 mode set by this option prevents
it from being turned off. If you must turn it on and off,
use the wideChars resource.
This option and
the utf8 resource are overridden by the
-lc and -en options and
locale resource. That is, if xterm has been
compiled to support luit, and the locale
resource is not “false” this option is ignored.
We recommend using the -lc option or the
“locale: true” resource in UTF-8
locales when your operating system supports locale, or
-en UTF-8 option or the
“locale: UTF-8” resource when your
operating system does not support locale.
+u8
This option resets the
utf8 resource.
-uc
This option makes the cursor underlined instead of a
box.
+uc
This option makes the cursor a box instead of
underlined.
-ulc
This option disables the display of characters with
underline attribute as color rather than with
underlining.
+ulc
This option enables the display of characters with
underline attribute as color rather than with
underlining.
-ulit
This option, corresponding to the italicULMode
resource, disables the display of characters with underline
attribute as italics rather than with underlining.
+ulit
This option, corresponding to the italicULMode
resource, enables the display of characters with underline
attribute as italics rather than with underlining.
-ut
This option indicates that xterm should not write
a record into the the system utmp log file.
+ut
This option indicates that xterm should write a
record into the system utmp log file.
-vb
This option indicates that a visual bell is preferred
over an audible one. Instead of ringing the terminal bell
whenever a Control-G is received, the window will be
flashed.
+vb
This option indicates that a visual bell should not be
used.
-wc
This option sets the wideChars resource. When
wideChars is set, xterm maintains internal
structures for 16-bit characters. If you do not set this
resource to “true”, xterm will ignore the
escape sequence which turns UTF-8 mode on and off. The
default is “false”.
+wc
This option resets the wideChars resource.
-wf
This option indicates that xterm should wait for
the window to be mapped the first time before starting the
subprocess so that the initial terminal size settings and
environment variables are correct. It is the
application’s responsibility to catch subsequent
terminal size changes.
+wf
This option indicates that xterm should not wait
before starting the subprocess.
-ziconbeep
percent
Same as zIconBeep
resource. If percent is non-zero, xterms that produce output
while iconified will cause an XBell sound at the given
volume and have “***” prepended to their icon
titles. Most window managers will detect this change
immediately, showing you which window has the output. (A
similar feature was in x10 xterm.)
-C
This option indicates that this window should receive
console output. This is not supported on all systems. To
obtain console output, you must be the owner of the console
device, and you must have read and write permission for it.
If you are running X under xdm on the console screen
you may need to have the session startup and reset programs
explicitly change the ownership of the console device in
order to get this option to work.
-Sccn
This option allows xterm to be used as an input
and output channel for an existing program and is sometimes
used in specialized applications. The option value specifies
the last few letters of the name of a pseudo-terminal to use
in slave mode, plus the number of the inherited file
descriptor. If the option contains a “/”
character, that delimits the characters used for the
pseudo-terminal name from the file descriptor. Otherwise,
exactly two characters are used from the option for the
pseudo-terminal name, the remainder is the file descriptor.
Examples (the first two are equivalent since the descriptor
follows the last “/”):
-S/dev/pts/123/45
-S123/45
-Sab34
Note that
xterm does not close any file descriptor which it did
not open for its own use. It is possible (though probably
not portable) to have an application which passes an open
file descriptor down to xterm past the initialization
or the -S option to a process running in the
xterm.
The following
command line arguments are provided for compatibility with
older versions. They may not be supported in the next
release as the X Toolkit provides standard options that
accomplish the same task.
%geom
This option specifies the
preferred size and position of the Tektronix window. It is
shorthand for specifying the
“*tekGeometry” resource.
#geom
This option specifies the preferred position of the icon
window. It is shorthand for specifying the
“*iconGeometry” resource.
-T
string
This option specifies the title
for xterm’s windows. It is equivalent to
-title.
-n
string
This option specifies the icon
name for xterm’s windows. It is shorthand for
specifying the “*iconName” resource. Note
that this is not the same as the toolkit option
-name (see below). The default icon name is the
application name.
-r
This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors.
It is equivalent to -rv.
-w
number
This option specifies the width
in pixels of the border surrounding the window. It is
equivalent to -borderwidth or
-bw.
The following
standard X Toolkit command line arguments are commonly used
with xterm:
-bd color
This option specifies the color
to use for the border of the window. The corresponding
resource name is borderColor. xterm uses the X
Toolkit default, which is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
-bg
color
This option specifies the color
to use for the background of the window. The corresponding
resource name is background. The default is
“XtDefaultBackground”.
-bw
number
This option specifies the width
in pixels of the border surrounding the window.
This appears to
be a legacy of older X releases. It sets the
borderWidth resource of the shell widget, and may
provide advice to your window manager to set the thickness
of the window frame. Most window managers do not use this
information. See the -b option, which controls
the inner border of the xterm window.
-display
display
This option specifies the X
server to contact; see X(7).
-fg
color
This option specifies the color
to use for displaying text. The corresponding resource name
is foreground. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
-fn
font
This option specifies the font
to be used for displaying normal text. The corresponding
resource name is font. The resource value default is
fixed.
-font
font
This is the same as
-fn.
-geometry
geometry
This option specifies the
preferred size and position of the VT102 window; see
X(7).
-iconic
This option indicates that xterm should ask the
window manager to start it as an icon rather than as the
normal window. The corresponding resource name is
iconic.
-name
name
This option specifies the
application name under which resources are to be obtained,
rather than the default executable file name. Name
should not contain “.” or “*”
characters.
-rv
This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and background colors.
The corresponding resource name is reverseVideo.
+rv
Disable the simulation of reverse video by swapping
foreground and background colors.
-title
string
This option specifies the
window title string, which may be displayed by window
managers if the user so chooses. The default title is the
command line specified after the -e option, if
any, otherwise the application name.
-xrm
resourcestring
This option specifies a
resource string to be used. This is especially useful for
setting resources that do not have separate command line
options.
actions
It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to arbitrary
strings for input, by changing the translations resources
for the vt100 or tek4014 widgets. Changing the
translations resource for events other than key and button
events is not expected, and will cause unpredictable behavior.
The following actions are provided for use within the
vt100 or tek4014 translations resources:
allow-color-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowColorOps resource and
is also invoked by the allow-color-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-font-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowFontOps resource and
is also invoked by the allow-font-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-send-events(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowSendEvents resource
and is also invoked by the allowsends entry in
mainMenu.
allow-tcap-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTcapOps resource and
is also invoked by the allow-tcap-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-title-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTitleOps resource and
is also invoked by the allow-title-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-window-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowWindowOps resource and
is also invoked by the allow-window-ops entry in
fontMenu.
alt-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the altSendsEscape
resource.
bell([percent])
This action rings the keyboard bell at the specified percentage
above or below the base volume.
clear-saved-lines()
This action does hard-reset() (see below) and also clears
the history of lines saved off the top of the screen. It is also
invoked from the clearsavedlines entry in vtMenu.
The effect is identical to a hardware reset (RIS) control
sequence.
copy-selection(destname [, ...])
This action puts the currently selected text into all of the
selections or cutbuffers specified by destname. Unlike
select-end, it does not send a mouse position or otherwise
modify the internal selection state.
create-menu(m/v/f/t)
This action creates one of the menus used by xterm, if it
has not been previously created. The parameter values are the
menu names: mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu,
tekMenu, respectively.
dabbrev-expand()
Expands the word before cursor by searching in the preceding text
on the screen and in the scrollback buffer for words starting
with that abbreviation. Repeating dabbrev-expand() several
times in sequence searches for an alternative expansion by
looking farther back. Lack of more matches is signaled by a
beep(). Attempts to expand an empty word (i.e., when
cursor is preceded by a space) yield successively all previous
words. Consecutive identical expansions are ignored. The word
here is defined as a sequence of non-whitespace characters. This
feature partially emulates the behavior of “dynamic abbreviation”
expansion in Emacs (bound there to M-/). Here is a resource
setting for xterm which will do the same thing:
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
Meta <KeyPress> /:dabbrev-expand()
deiconify()
Changes the window state back to normal, if it was iconified.
delete-is-del()
This action toggles the state of the deleteIsDEL resource.
dired-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and release) by echoing
the event’s position (i.e., character line and column) in the
following format:
^X ESC G <line+“ ”> <col+“ ”>
fullscreen()
Asks the window manager to change the window to full-screen.
iconify()
Iconifies the window.
hard-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region, tabs, window size, and
cursor keys and clears the screen. It is also invoked from the
hardreset entry in vtMenu.
ignore()
This action ignores the event but checks for special pointer
position escape sequences.
insert()
This action inserts the character or string associated with the
key that was pressed.
insert-eight-bit()
This action inserts an eight-bit (Meta) version of the character
or string associated with the key that was pressed. Only
single-byte values are treated specially. The exact action
depends on the value of the altSendsEscape and the
metaSendsEscape and the eightBitInput resources.
The metaSendsEscape resource is tested first. See the
eightBitInput resource for a full discussion.
The term “eight-bit” is misleading: xterm checks if the
key is in the range 128 to 255 (the eighth bit is set). If the
value is in that range, depending on the resource values,
xterm may then do one of the following:
•
add 128 to the value, setting its eighth bit,
•
send an ESC byte before the key, or
•
send the key unaltered.
exec-formatted(format, sourcename
[, ...])
Execute an external command, using the current selection for part
of the command’s parameters. The first parameter, format
gives the basic command. Succeeding parameters specify the
selection source as in insert-selection.
The format parameter allows these substitutions:
%%
inserts a "%".
%P
the screen-position at the beginning of the highlighted region,
as a semicolon-separated pair of integers using the values that
the CUP control sequence would use.
%p
the screen-position after the beginning of the highlighted
region, using the same convention as “%P”.
%S
the length of the string that “%s” would insert.
%s
the content of the selection, unmodified.
%T
the length of the string that “%t” would insert.
%t
the selection, trimmed of leading/trailing whitespace, and
newlines changed to single spaces.
%V
the video attributes at the beginning of the highlighted region,
as a semicolon-separated list of integers using the values that
the SGR control sequence would use.
%v
the video attributes after the end of the highlighted region,
using the same convention as “%V”.
After constructing the command-string, xterm forks a
subprocess and executes the command, which completes
independently of xterm.
exec-selectable(format,
onClicks)
Execute an external command, using data copied from the screen
for part of the command’s parameters. The first parameter,
format gives the basic command as in
exec-formatted. The second parameter specifies the method
for copying the data as in the onClicks resource.
insert-formatted(format, sourcename
[, ...])
Insert the current selection or data related to it, formatted.
The first parameter, format gives the template for the
data as in exec-formatted. Succeeding parameters specify
the selection source as in insert-selection.
insert-selectable(format,
onClicks)
Insert data copied from the screen, formatted. The first
parameter, format gives the template for the data as in
exec-formatted. The second parameter specifies the method
for copying the data as in the onClicks resource.
insert-selection(sourcename [, ...])
This action inserts the string found in the selection or
cutbuffer indicated by sourcename. Sources are checked in
the order given (case is significant) until one is found.
Commonly-used selections include: PRIMARY,
SECONDARY, and CLIPBOARD. Cut buffers are typically
named CUT_BUFFER0 through CUT_BUFFER7.
insert-seven-bit()
This action is a synonym for insert() The term “seven-bit”
is misleading: it only implies that xterm does not try to
add 128 to the key’s value as in insert-eight-bit().
interpret(control-sequence)
Interpret the given control sequence locally, i.e., without
passing it to the host. This works by inserting the control
sequence at the front of the input buffer. Use “\” to escape
octal digits in the string. Xt does not allow you to put a null
character (i.e., “\000”) in the string.
keymap(name)
This action dynamically defines a new translation table whose
resource name is name with the suffix Keymap (case
is significant). The name None restores the original
translation table.
larger-vt-font()
Set the font to the next larger one, based on the font
dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
load-vt-fonts(name[,class])
Load fontnames from the given subresource name and class. That
is, load the “*VT100.name.font”, resource as “*VT100.font”
etc. If no name is given, the original set of fontnames is
restored.
Unlike set-vt-font(), this does not affect the escape- and
select-fonts, since those are not based on resource values. It
does affect the fonts loosely organized under the “Default” menu
entry, including font, boldFont, wideFont
and wideBoldFont.
maximize()
Resizes the window to fill the screen.
meta-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the metaSendsEscape
resource.
popup-menu(menuname)
This action displays the specified popup menu. Valid names (case
is significant) include: mainMenu, vtMenu,
fontMenu, and tekMenu.
print(printer-flags)
This action prints the window and is also invoked by the
print entry in mainMenu.
The action accepts optional parameters, which temporarily
override resource settings. The parameter values are matched
ignoring case:
noFormFeed
no form feed will be sent at the end of the last line printed
(i.e., printerFormFeed is ’’false’’).
FormFeed
a form feed will be sent at the end of the last line printed
(i.e., printerFormFeed is ’’true’’).
noNewLine
no newline will be sent at the end of the last line printed, and
wrapped lines will be combined into long lines (i.e.,
printerNewLine is ’’false’’).
NewLine
a newline will be sent at the end of the last line printed, and
each line will be limited (by adding a newline) to the screen
width (i.e., printerNewLine is ’’true’’).
noAttrs
the page is printed without attributes (i.e.,
printAttributes is ’’0’’).
monoAttrs
the page is printed with monochrome (vt220) attributes (i.e.,
printAttributes is ’’1’’).
colorAttrs
the page is printed with ANSI color attributes (i.e.,
printAttributes is ’’2’’).
print-everything(printer-flags)
This action sends the entire text history, in addition to the
text currently visible, to the program given in the
printerCommand resource. It allows the same optional
parameters as the print action. With a suitable printer
command, the action can be used to load the text history in an
editor.
print-immediate()
Sends the text of the current window directly to a file, as
specified by the printFileImmediate,
printModeImmediate and printOptsImmediate
resources.
print-on-error()
Toggles a flag telling xterm that if it exits with an X
error, to send the text of the current window directly to a file,
as specified by the printFileXError,
printModeXError and printOptsXError resources.
print-redir()
This action toggles the printerControlMode between 0 and
2. The corresponding popup menu entry is useful for switching the
printer off if you happen to change your mind after deciding to
print random binary files on the terminal.
quit()
This action sends a SIGHUP to the subprogram and exits. It is
also invoked by the quit entry in mainMenu.
readline-button()
Supports the optional readline feature by echoing repeated cursor
forward or backward control sequences on button release event, to
request that the host application update its notion of the
cursor’s position to match the button event.
redraw()
This action redraws the window and is also invoked by the
redraw entry in mainMenu.
restore()
Restores the window to the size before it was last maximized.
scroll-back(count [,units
[,mouse] ])
This action scrolls the text window backward so that text that
had previously scrolled off the top of the screen is now visible.
The count argument indicates the number of units
(which may be page, halfpage, pixel, or
line) by which to scroll.
An adjustment can be specified for these values by appending a
“+” or “-” sign followed by a number, e.g., page-2 to
specify 2 lines less than a page.
If the third parameter mouse is given, the action is
ignored when mouse reporting is enabled.
scroll-forw(count [,units
[,mouse] ])
This action is similar to scroll-back except that it
scrolls in the other direction.
secure()
This action toggles the Secure Keyboard mode described in
the section named SECURITY, and is invoked from the
securekbd entry in mainMenu.
scroll-lock(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles internal state which tells xterm
whether Scroll Lock is active, subject to the
allowScrollLock resource.
select-cursor-end(destname [, ...])
This action is similar to select-end except that it should
be used with select-cursor-start.
select-cursor-extend()
This action is similar to select-extend except that it
should be used with select-cursor-start.
select-cursor-start()
This action is similar to select-start except that it
begins the selection at the current text cursor position.
select-end(destname [, ...])
This action puts the currently selected text into all of the
selections or cutbuffers specified by destname. It also
sends a mouse position and updates the internal selection state
to reflect the end of the selection process.
select-extend()
This action tracks the pointer and extends the selection. It
should only be bound to Motion events.
select-set()
This action stores text that corresponds to the current
selection, without affecting the selection mode.
select-start()
This action begins text selection at the current pointer
location. See the section on POINTER USAGE for information
on making selections.
send-signal(signame)
This action sends the signal named by signame to the
xterm subprocess (the shell or program specified with the
-e command line option) and is also invoked by the
suspend, continue, interrupt, hangup,
terminate, and kill entries in mainMenu.
Allowable signal names are (case is not significant): tstp
(if supported by the operating system), suspend (same as
tstp), cont (if supported by the operating system),
int, hup, term, quit, alrm,
alarm (same as alrm) and kill.
set-8-bit-control(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the eightBitControl resource and is
also invoked from the 8-bit-control entry in
vtMenu.
set-allow132(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the c132 resource and is also invoked
from the allow132 entry in vtMenu.
set-altscreen(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles between the alternate and current screens.
set-appcursor(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling Application Cursor Key mode and
is also invoked by the appcursor entry in vtMenu.
set-appkeypad(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling of Application Keypad mode and
is also invoked by the appkeypad entry in vtMenu.
set-autolinefeed(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic insertion of linefeeds and is also
invoked by the autolinefeed entry in vtMenu.
set-autowrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic wrapping of long lines and is also
invoked by the autowrap entry in vtMenu.
set-backarrow(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the backarrowKey resource and is also
invoked from the backarrow key entry in vtMenu.
set-bellIsUrgent(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the bellIsUrgent resource and is also
invoked by the bellIsUrgent entry in vtMenu.
set-cursorblink(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the cursorBlink resource and is also
invoked from the cursorblink entry in vtMenu.
set-cursesemul(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the curses resource and is also
invoked from the cursesemul entry in vtMenu.
set-font-doublesize(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the fontDoublesize resource and is
also invoked by the font-doublesize entry in
fontMenu.
set-hp-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the hpFunctionKeys resource and is
also invoked by the hpFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-jumpscroll(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the jumpscroll resource and is also
invoked by the jumpscroll entry in vtMenu.
set-font-linedrawing(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the xterm’s state regarding whether
the current font has line-drawing characters and whether it
should draw them directly. It is also invoked by the
font-linedrawing entry in fontMenu.
set-font-packed(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the forcePackedFont’s resource which
controls use of the font’s minimum or maximum glyph width. It is
also invoked by the font-packed entry in fontMenu.
set-keep-selection(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the keepSelection resource and is also
invoked by the keepSelection entry in vtMenu.
set-logging()
This action toggles the state of the logging option.
set-old-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the state of legacy function keys and is also
invoked by the oldFunctionKeys entry in mainMenu.
set-marginbell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the marginBell resource.
set-num-lock()
This action toggles the state of the numLock resource.
set-pop-on-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the popOnBell resource and is also
invoked by the poponbell entry in vtMenu.
set-render-font(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the renderFont resource and is also
invoked by the render-font entry in fontMenu.
set-reverse-video(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseVideo resource and is also
invoked by the reversevideo entry in vtMenu.
set-reversewrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseWrap resource and is also
invoked by the reversewrap entry in vtMenu.
set-scroll-on-key(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollKey resource and is also
invoked from the scrollkey entry in vtMenu.
set-scroll-on-tty-output(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollTtyOutput resource and is
also invoked from the scrollttyoutput entry in
vtMenu.
set-scrollbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollbar resource and is also
invoked by the scrollbar entry in vtMenu.
set-select(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the selectToClipboard resource and is
also invoked by the selectToClipboard entry in
vtMenu.
set-sco-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scoFunctionKeys resource and is
also invoked by the scoFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-sun-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunFunctionKeys resource and is
also invoked by the sunFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-sun-keyboard(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunKeyboard resource and is also
invoked by the sunKeyboard entry in mainMenu.
set-tek-text(large/2/3/small)
This action sets font used in the Tektronix window to the value
of the resources tektextlarge, tektext2,
tektext3, and tektextsmall according to the
argument. It is also invoked by the entries of the same names as
the resources in tekMenu.
set-terminal-type(type)
This action directs output to either the vt or tek
windows, according to the type string. It is also invoked
by the tekmode entry in vtMenu and the
vtmode entry in tekMenu.
set-titeInhibit(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the titeInhibit resource, which
controls switching between the alternate and current screens.
set-toolbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the toolbar feature and is also invoked by
the toolbar entry in mainMenu.
set-utf8-mode(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8 resource and is also invoked
by the utf8-mode entry in fontMenu.
set-utf8-title(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8Title resource and is also
invoked by the utf8-title entry in fontMenu.
set-visibility(vt/tek,on/off/toggle)
This action controls whether or not the vt or tek
windows are visible. It is also invoked from the tekshow
and vthide entries in vtMenu and the vtshow
and tekhide entries in tekMenu.
set-visual-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the visualBell resource and is also
invoked by the visualbell entry in vtMenu.
set-vt-font(d/1/2/3/4/5/6/e/s
[,normalfont [, boldfont]])
This action sets the font or fonts currently being used in the
VT102 window. The first argument is a single character that
specifies the font to be used:
d or D indicate the default font (the font
initially used when xterm was started),
1 through 6 indicate the fonts specified by the
font1 through font6 resources,
e or E indicate the normal and bold fonts that have
been set through escape codes (or specified as the second and
third action arguments, respectively), and
s or S indicate the font selection (as made by
programs such as xfontsel(1)) indicated by the second
action argument.
If xterm is configured to support wide characters, an
additional two optional parameters are recognized for the
e argument: wide font and wide bold font.
smaller-vt-font()
Set the font to the next smaller one, based on the font
dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
soft-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region and is also invoked from
the softreset entry in vtMenu. The effect is
identical to a soft reset (DECSTR) control sequence.
spawn-new-terminal(params)
Spawn a new xterm process. This is available on systems
which have a modern version of the process filesystem, e.g.,
“/proc”, which xterm can read.
Use the “cwd” process entry, e.g., /proc/12345/cwd to obtain the
working directory of the process which is running in the current
xterm.
On systems which have the “exe” process entry, e.g.,
/proc/12345/exe, use this to obtain the actual executable.
Otherwise, use the $PATH variable to find xterm.
If parameters are given in the action, pass them to the new
xterm process.
start-extend()
This action is similar to select-start except that the
selection is extended to the current pointer location.
start-cursor-extend()
This action is similar to select-extend except that the
selection is extended to the current text cursor position.
string(string)
This action inserts the specified text string as if it had been
typed. Quotation is necessary if the string contains whitespace
or non-alphanumeric characters. If the string argument begins
with the characters “0x”, it is interpreted as a hex character
constant.
tek-copy()
This action copies the escape codes used to generate the current
window contents to a file in the current directory beginning with
the name COPY. It is also invoked from the tekcopy entry
in tekMenu.
tek-page()
This action clears the Tektronix window and is also invoked by
the tekpage entry in tekMenu.
tek-reset()
This action resets the Tektronix window and is also invoked by
the tekreset entry in tekMenu.
vi-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and release) by echoing
a control sequence computed from the event’s line number in the
screen relative to the current line:
ESC ^P
or
ESC ^N
according to whether the event is before, or after the current
line, respectively. The ^N (or ^P) is repeated once for each line
that the event differs from the current line. The control
sequence is omitted altogether if the button event is on the
current line.
visual-bell()
This action flashes the window quickly.
The Tektronix window also has the following action:
gin-press(l/L/m/M/r/R)
This action sends the indicated graphics input code.
The default bindings in the VT102 window use the SELECT token,
which is set by the selectToClipboard resource:
Shift <KeyPress> Prior:scroll-back(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Next:scroll-forw(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Select:select-cursor-start() \
select-cursor-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Insert:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Alt <Key>Return:fullscreen() \n\
<KeyRelease> Scroll_Lock:scroll-lock() \n\
Shift~Ctrl <KeyPress> KP_Add:larger-vt-font() \n\
Shift Ctrl <KeyPress> KP_Add:smaller-vt-font() \n\
Shift <KeyPress> KP_Subtract:smaller-vt-font() \n\
~Meta <KeyPress>:insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta <KeyPress>:insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
~Meta <Btn1Down>:select-start() \n\
~Meta <Btn1Motion>:select-extend() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn2Down>:ignore() \n\
Meta <Btn2Down>:clear-saved-lines() \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn2Up>:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
!Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn3Down>:start-extend() \n\
~Meta <Btn3Motion>:select-extend() \n\
Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
<Btn4Down>:scroll-back(5,line,m) \n\
Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
<Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(5,line,m) \n\
<BtnUp>:select-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
<BtnDown>:ignore()
The default bindings for the scrollbar widget are separate from
the VT100 widget:
<Btn5Down>: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn1Down>: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn2Down>: StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<Btn3Down>: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn4Down>: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn2Motion>: MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<BtnUp>: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
The default bindings in the Tektronix window are:
~Meta<KeyPress>: insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta<KeyPress>: insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn1Down>: gin-press(L) \n\
~Meta<Btn1Down>: gin-press(l) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn2Down>: gin-press(M) \n\
~Meta<Btn2Down>: gin-press(m) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn3Down>: gin-press(R) \n\
~Meta<Btn3Down>: gin-press(r)
Here is an example which uses shifted select/paste to copy to the
clipboard, and unshifted select/paste for the primary selection.
In each case, a (different) cut buffer is also a target or source
of the select/paste operation. It is important to remember
however, that cut buffers store data in ISO-8859-1 encoding,
while selections can store data in a variety of formats and
encodings. While xterm owns the selection, it highlights
it. When it loses the selection, it removes the corresponding
highlight. But you can still paste from the corresponding cut
buffer.
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
~Shift~Ctrl<Btn2Up>: insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift~Ctrl<Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1) \n\
~Shift<BtnUp>: select-end(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift<BtnUp>: select-end(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1)
Below is a sample of how the keymap() action is used to
add special keys for entering commonly-typed works:
*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>F13: keymap(dbx)
*VT100.dbxKeymap.translations: \
<Key>F14: keymap(None) \n\
<Key>F17: string("next") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F18: string("step") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F19: string("continue") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F20: string("print ") insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0)
Some people prefer using the left pointer button for dragging the
scrollbar thumb. That can be setup by altering the translations
resource, e.g.,
*VT100.scrollbar.translations:#override \n\
<Btn5Down>:StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn1Down>:StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<Btn4Down>:StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn1Motion>:MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<BtnUp>: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
character classes
Clicking the left pointer button twice in rapid succession
(double-clicking) causes all characters of the same class (e.g.,
letters, white space, punctuation) to be selected as a “word”.
Since different people have different preferences for what should
be selected (for example, should filenames be selected as a whole
or only the separate subnames), the default mapping can be
overridden through the use of the charClass (class
CharClass) resource.
This resource is a series of comma-separated of
range:value pairs. The range is either a
single number or low-high in the range of 0 to
65535, corresponding to the code for the character or characters
to be set. The value is arbitrary, although the default
table uses the character number of the first character occurring
in the set. When not in UTF-8 mode, only the first 256 bytes of
this table will be used.
The default table starts as follows -
static int charClass[256] = {
/∗ NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL */
32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ BS HT NL VT NP CR SO SI */
1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ SP ! " # $ % & ' */
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
/∗ ( ) * + , - . / */
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
/∗ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ 8 9 : ; < = > ? */
48, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
/∗ @ A B C D E F G */
64, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ H I J K L M N O */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ P Q R S T U V W */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ */
48, 48, 48, 91, 92, 93, 94, 48,
/∗ ’ a b c d e f g */
96, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ h i j k l m n o */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ p q r s t u v w */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ x y z { | } ~ DEL */
48, 48, 48, 123, 124, 125, 126, 1,
/∗ x80 x81 x82 x83 IND NEL SSA ESA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ HTS HTJ VTS PLD PLU RI SS2 SS3 */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ DCS PU1 PU2 STS CCH MW SPA EPA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ x98 x99 x9A CSI ST OSC PM APC */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/∗ - i c/ L ox Y- | So */
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
/∗ .. c0 ip << _ R0 - */
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
/∗ o +- 2 3 ' u q| . */
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
/∗ , 1 2 >> 1/4 1/2 3/4 ? */
184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
/∗ A’ A' A^ A~ A: Ao AE C, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ E’ E' E^ E: I’ I' I^ I: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ D- N~ O’ O' O^ O~ O: X */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 215,
/∗ O/ U’ U' U^ U: Y' P B */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ a’ a' a^ a~ a: ao ae c, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ e’ e' e^ e: i’ i' i^ i: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/∗ d n~ o’ o' o^ o~ o: -: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 247,
/∗ o/ u’ u' u^ u: y' P y: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48};
For example, the string “33:48,37:48,45-47:48,38:48” indicates
that the exclamation mark, percent sign, dash, period, slash, and
ampersand characters should be treated the same way as characters
and numbers. This is useful for cutting and pasting electronic
mailing addresses and filenames.
control sequences and keyboard
The Xterm Control Sequences document lists the control
sequences which an application can send xterm to make it
perform various operations. Most of these operations are
standardized, from either the DEC or Tektronix terminals, or from
more widely used standards such as ISO-6429.
emulations
The VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not support
autorepeat. Double-size characters are displayed properly if your
font server supports scalable fonts. The VT220 emulation does not
support soft fonts, it is otherwise complete. Termcap(5)
entries that work with xterm include an optional
platform-specific entry (“xterm”), “xterm”, “vt102”, “vt100”,
“ansi” and “dumb”. xterm automatically searches the
termcap file in this order for these entries and then sets the
“TERM” and the “TERMCAP” environment variables. You may also use
“vt220”, but must set the terminal emulation level with the
decTerminalID resource. (The “TERMCAP” environment
variable is not set if xterm is linked against a terminfo
library, since the requisite information is not provided by the
termcap emulation of terminfo libraries).
Many of the special xterm features may be modified under
program control through a set of escape sequences different from
the standard VT102 escape sequences. (See the Xterm Control
Sequences document.)
The Tektronix 4014 emulation is also fairly good. It supports
12-bit graphics addressing, scaled to the window size. Four
different font sizes and five different lines types are
supported. There is no write-through or defocused mode support.
The Tektronix text and graphics commands are recorded internally
by xterm and may be written to a file by sending the COPY
escape sequence (or through the Tektronix menu; see
below). The name of the file will be
“COPYyyyy-MM-dd.hh:mm:ss”,
where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm and
ss are the year, month, day, hour, minute and second when
the COPY was performed (the file is created in the directory
xterm is started in, or the home directory for a login
xterm).
Not all of the features described in this manual are necessarily
available in this version of xterm. Some (e.g., the
non-VT220 extensions) are available only if they were compiled
in, though the most commonly-used are in the default
configuration.
environment
Xterm sets several environment variables:
DISPLAY
is the display name, pointing to the X server (see DISPLAY
NAMES in X(7)).
TERM
is set according to the termcap (or terminfo) entry which it is
using as a reference.
WINDOWID
is set to the X window id number of the xterm window.
XTERM_LOCALE
shows the locale which was used by xterm on startup. Some
shell initialization scripts may set a different locale.
XTERM_SHELL
is set to the pathname of the program which is invoked. Usually
that is a shell program, e.g., /bin/sh. Since it is not
necessarily a shell program however, it is distinct from “SHELL”.
XTERM_VERSION
is set to the string displayed by the -version option.
That is normally an identifier for the X Window libraries used to
build xterm, followed by xterm’s patch number in
parenthesis. The patch number is also part of the response to a
Secondary Device Attributes (DA) control sequence (see Xterm
Control Sequences).
Depending on your system configuration, xterm may also set
the following:
COLUMNS
the width of the xterm in characters (cf: “stty columns”).
HOME
when xterm is configured to update utmp.
LINES
the height of the xterm in characters (cf: “stty rows”).
LOGNAME
when xterm is configured to update utmp.
SHELL
when xterm is configured to update utmp. It is also set if
you provide the shell name as the optional parameter.
TERMCAP
the contents of the termcap entry corresponding to $TERM, with
lines and columns values substituted for the actual size window
you have created.
TERMINFO
may be defined to a nonstandard location in the configure script.
error messages
Most of the fatal error messages from xterm use the
following format:
xterm: Error XXX, errno YYY: ZZZ
The XXX codes (which are used by xterm as its
exit-code) are listed below, with a brief explanation.
1
is used for miscellaneous errors, usually accompanied by a
specific message,
11
ERROR_FIONBIO
main: ioctl() failed on FIONBIO
12
ERROR_F_GETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_GETFL
13
ERROR_F_SETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_SETFL
14
ERROR_OPDEVTTY
spawn: open() failed on /dev/tty
15
ERROR_TIOCGETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCGETP
17
ERROR_PTSNAME
spawn: ptsname() failed
18
ERROR_OPPTSNAME
spawn: open() failed on ptsname
19
ERROR_PTEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ptem"
20
ERROR_CONSEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"consem"
21
ERROR_LDTERM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ldterm"
22
ERROR_TTCOMPAT
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ttcompat"
23
ERROR_TIOCSETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETP
24
ERROR_TIOCSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETC
25
ERROR_TIOCSETD
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETD
26
ERROR_TIOCSLTC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSLTC
27
ERROR_TIOCLSET
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCLSET
28
ERROR_INIGROUPS
spawn: initgroups() failed
29
ERROR_FORK
spawn: fork() failed
30
ERROR_EXEC
spawn: exec() failed
32
ERROR_PTYS
get_pty: not enough ptys
34
ERROR_PTY_EXEC
waiting for initial map
35
ERROR_SETUID
spawn: setuid() failed
36
ERROR_INIT
spawn: can’t initialize window
46
ERROR_TIOCKSET
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSET
47
ERROR_TIOCKSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSETC
49
ERROR_LUMALLOC
luit: command-line malloc failed
50
ERROR_SELECT
in_put: select() failed
54
ERROR_VINIT
VTInit: can’t initialize window
57
ERROR_KMMALLOC1
HandleKeymapChange: malloc failed
60
ERROR_TSELECT
Tinput: select() failed
64
ERROR_TINIT
TekInit: can’t initialize window
71
ERROR_BMALLOC2
SaltTextAway: malloc() failed
80
ERROR_LOGEXEC
StartLog: exec() failed
83
ERROR_XERROR
xerror: XError event
84
ERROR_XIOERROR
xioerror: X I/O error
85
ERROR_ICEERROR
ICE I/O error
90
ERROR_SCALLOC
Alloc: calloc() failed on base
91
ERROR_SCALLOC2
Alloc: calloc() failed on rows
102
ERROR_SAVE_PTR
ScrnPointers: malloc/realloc() failed
121
ERROR_MMALLOC
my_memmove: malloc/realloc failed
files
The actual pathnames given may differ on your system.
/var/run/utmp
the system logfile, which records user logins.
/var/log/wtmp
the system logfile, which records user logins and logouts.
/etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm
the xterm default application resources.
/etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm-color
the xterm color application resources. If your display
supports color, use this
*customization: -color
in your .Xdefaults file to automatically use this resource file
rather than /etc/X11/app-defaults/XTerm. If you do not do
this, xterm uses its compiled-in default resource settings
for colors.
menus
Xterm has four menus, named mainMenu,
vtMenu, fontMenu, and tekMenu. Each menu
pops up under the correct combinations of key and button presses.
Each menu is divided into sections, separated by a horizontal
line. Some menu entries correspond to modes that can be altered.
A check mark appears next to a mode that is currently active.
Selecting one of these modes toggles its state. Other menu
entries are commands; selecting one of these performs the
indicated function.
All of the menu entries correspond to X actions. In the list
below, the menu label is shown followed by the action’s name in
parenthesis.
Main Options
The xterm mainMenu pops up when the “control” key and
pointer button one are pressed in a window. This menu contains
items that apply to both the VT102 and Tektronix windows. There
are several sections:
Commands for managing X events:
Toolbar
Clicking on the “Toolbar” menu entry hides the toolbar if it is
visible, and shows it if it is not.
Secure Keyboard (securekbd)
The Secure Keyboard mode is helpful when typing in
passwords or other sensitive data in an unsecure environment; see
SECURITY below (but read the limitations carefully).
Allow SendEvents (allowsends)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events
generated using the X protocol SendEvent request should be
interpreted or discarded. This corresponds to the
allowSendEvents resource.
Redraw Window (redraw)
Forces the X display to repaint; useful in some environments.
Commands for capturing output:
Log to File (logging)
Captures text sent to the screen in a logfile, as in the
-l logging option.
Print-All Immediately
Invokes the print-immediate action, sending the text of
the current window directly to a file, as specified by the
printFileImmediate, printModeImmediate and
printOptsImmediate resources.
Print-All on Error
Invokes the print-on-error action, which toggles a flag
telling xterm that if it exits with an X error, to send
the text of the current window directly to a file, as specified
by the printFileXError, printModeXError and
printOptsXError resources.
Print Window (print)
Sends the text of the current window to the program given in the
printerCommand resource.
Redirect to Printer (print-redir)
This sets the printerControlMode to 0 or 2. You can use
this to turn the printer on as if an application had sent the
appropriate control sequence. It is also useful for switching the
printer off if an application turns it on without resetting the
print control mode.
Modes for setting keyboard style:
8-Bit Controls (8-bit-control)
Enabled for VT220 emulation, this controls whether xterm
will send 8-bit control sequences rather than using 7-bit (ASCII)
controls, e.g., sending a byte in the range 128-159 rather than
the escape character followed by a second byte. Xterm
always interprets both 8-bit and 7-bit control sequences (see the
document Xterm Control Sequences). This corresponds to the
eightBitControl resource.
Backarrow Key (BS/DEL) (backarrow key)
Modifies the behavior of the backarrow key, making it transmit
either a backspace (8) or delete (127) character. This
corresponds to the backarrowKey resource.
Alt/NumLock Modifiers (num-lock)
Controls the treatment of Alt- and NumLock-key modifiers. This
corresponds to the numLock resource.
Meta Sends Escape (meta-esc)
Controls whether Meta keys are converted into a
two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC.
This corresponds to the metaSendsEscape resource.
Delete is DEL (delete-is-del)
Controls whether the Delete key on the editing keypad should send
DEL (127) or the VT220-style Remove escape sequence. This
corresponds to the deleteIsDEL resource.
Old Function-Keys (oldFunctionKeys)
HP Function-Keys (hpFunctionKeys)
SCO Function-Keys (scoFunctionKeys)
Sun Function-Keys (sunFunctionKeys)
VT220 Keyboard (sunKeyboard)
These act as a radio-button, selecting one style for the keyboard
layout. It corresponds to more than one resource setting:
sunKeyboard, sunFunctionKeys,
scoFunctionKeys and hpFunctionKeys ."
Commands for process signalling:
Send STOP Signal (suspend)
Send CONT Signal (continue)
Send INT Signal (interrupt)
Send HUP Signal (hangup)
Send TERM Signal (terminate)
Send KILL Signal (kill)
These send the SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM and
SIGKILL signals respectively, to the process group of the process
running under xterm (usually the shell). The
SIGCONT function is especially useful if the user has
accidentally typed CTRL-Z, suspending the process.
Quit (quit)
Stop processing X events except to support the -hold
option, and then send a SIGHUP signal to the the process group of
the process running under xterm (usually the shell).
VT Options
The vtMenu sets various modes in the VT102 emulation, and
is popped up when the “control” key and pointer button two are
pressed in the VT102 window.
VT102/VT220 Modes:
Enable Scrollbar (scrollbar)
Enable (or disable) the scrollbar. This corresponds to the
-sb option and the scrollBar resource.
Enable Jump Scroll (jumpscroll)
Enable (or disable) jump scrolling. This corresponds to the
-j option and the jumpScroll resource.
Enable Reverse Video (reversevideo)
Enable (or disable) reverse-video. This corresponds to the
-rv option and the reverseVideo resource.
Enable Auto Wraparound (autowrap)
Enable (or disable) auto-wraparound. This corresponds to the
-aw option and the autoWrap resource.
Enable Reverse Wraparound (reversewrap)
Enable (or disable) reverse wraparound. This corresponds to the
-rw option and the reverseWrap resource.
Enable Auto Linefeed (autolinefeed)
Enable (or disable) auto-linefeed. This is the VT102 NEL
function, which causes the emulator to emit a linefeed after each
carriage return. There is no corresponding command-line option or
resource setting.
Enable Application Cursor Keys (appcursor)
Enable (or disable) application cursor keys. This corresponds to
the appcursorDefault resource. There is no corresponding
command-line option.
Enable Application Keypad (appkeypad)
Enable (or disable) application keypad keys. This corresponds to
the appkeypadDefault resource. There is no corresponding
command-line option.
Scroll to Bottom on Key Press (scrollkey)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the scrolling
region on a keypress. This corresponds to the -sk option
and the scrollKey resource.
As a special case, the XON / XOFF keys (control/S and control/Q)
are ignored.
Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output (scrollttyoutput)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the scrolling
region on output to the terminal. This corresponds to the
-si option and the scrollTtyOutput resource.
Allow 80/132 Column Switching (allow132)
Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and 132 columns. This
corresponds to the -132 option and the c132
resource.
Keep Selection (keepSelection)
Tell xterm whether to disown the selection when it stops
highlighting it, e.g., when an application modifies the display
so that it no longer matches the text which has been highlighted.
As long as xterm continues to own the selection, it can
provide the corresponding text to other clients via cut/paste.
This corresponds to the keepSelection resource. There is
no corresponding command-line option.
Select to Clipboard (selectToClipboard)
Tell xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for
SELECT tokens in the translations resource which maps
keyboard and mouse actions to select/paste actions. This
corresponds to the selectToClipboard resource. There is no
corresponding command-line option.
Enable Visual Bell (visualbell)
Enable (or disable) visible bell (i.e., flashing) instead of an
audible bell. This corresponds to the -vb option and the
visualBell resource.
Enable Bell Urgency (bellIsUrgent)
Enable (or disable) Urgency window manager hint when Control-G is
received. This corresponds to the bellIsUrgent resource.
Enable Pop on Bell (poponbell)
Enable (or disable) raising of the window when Control-G is
received. This corresponds to the -pop option and the
popOnBell resource.
Enable Blinking Cursor (cursorblink)
Enable (or disable) the blinking-cursor feature. This corresponds
to the -bc option and the cursorBlink resource.
There is also an escape sequence (see the document Xterm
Control Sequences). The menu entry and the escape sequence
states are XOR’d: if both are enabled, the cursor will not blink,
if only one is enabled, the cursor will blink.
Enable Alternate Screen Switching (titeInhibit)
Enable (or disable) switching between the normal and alternate
screens. This corresponds to the titeInhibit resource.
There is no corresponding command-line option.
Enable Active Icon (activeicon)
Enable (or disable) the active-icon feature. This corresponds to
the -ai option and the activeIcon resource.
VT102/VT220 Commands:
Do Soft Reset (softreset)
Reset scroll regions. This can be convenient when some program
has left the scroll regions set incorrectly (often a problem when
using VMS or TOPS-20). This corresponds to the VT220 DECSTR
control sequence.
Do Full Reset (hardreset)
The full reset entry will clear the screen, reset tabs to every
eight columns, and reset the terminal modes (such as wrap and
smooth scroll) to their initial states just after xterm
has finished processing the command line options. This
corresponds to the VT102 RIS control sequence, with a few obvious
differences. For example, your session is not disconnected as a
real VT102 would do.
Reset and Clear Saved Lines (clearsavedlines)
Perform a full reset, and also clear the saved lines.
Commands for setting the current screen:
Show Tek Window (tekshow)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up (makes it
visible). When disabled, hides the Tektronix 4014 window.
Switch to Tek Mode (tekmode)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up if it is not
already visible, and switches the input stream to that window.
When disabled, hides the Tektronix 4014 window and switches input
back to the VTxxx window.
Hide VT Window (vthide)
When enabled, hides the VTxxx window, shows the Tektronix 4014
window if it was not already visible and switches the input
stream to that window. When disabled, shows the VTxxx window, and
switches the input stream to that window.
Show Alternate Screen (altscreen)
When enabled, shows the alternate screen. When disabled, shows
the normal screen. Note that the normal screen may have saved
lines; the alternate screen does not.
VT Fonts
The fontMenu pops up when when the “control” key and
pointer button three are pressed in a window. It sets the font
used in the VT102 window, or modifies the way the font is
specified or displayed. There are several sections.
The first section allows you to select the font from a set of
alternatives:
Default (fontdefault)
Set the font to the default, i.e., that given by the
*VT100.font resource.
Unreadable (font1)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font1 resource.
Tiny (font2)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font2 resource.
Small (font3)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font3 resource.
Medium (font4)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font4 resource.
Large (font5)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font5 resource.
Huge (font6)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font6 resource.
Escape Sequence
This allows you to set the font last specified by the Set Font
escape sequence (see the document Xterm Control
Sequences).
Selection (fontsel)
This allows you to set the font specified the current selection
as a font name (if the PRIMARY selection is owned).
The second section allows you to modify the way it is displayed:
Bold Fonts
This is normally checked (enabled). When unchecked, xterm
will not use bold fonts. The setting corresponds to the
allowBoldFonts resource.
Line-Drawing Characters (font-linedrawing)
When set, tells xterm to draw its own line-drawing
characters. Otherwise it relies on the font containing these.
Compare to the forceBoxChars resource.
Packed Font (font-packed)
When set, tells xterm to use the minimum glyph-width from
a font when displaying characters. Use the maximum width
(unchecked) to help display proportional fonts. Compare to the
forcePackedFont resource.
Doublesized Characters (font-doublesize)
When set, xterm may ask the font server to produce scaled
versions of the normal font, for VT102 double-size characters.
The third section allows you to modify the way it is specified:
TrueType Fonts (render-font)
If the renderFont and corresponding resources were set,
this is a further control whether xterm will actually use
the Xft library calls to obtain a font.
UTF-8 Encoding (utf8-mode)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 encoding of
input/output. It is useful for temporarily switching xterm
to display text from an application which does not follow the
locale settings. It corresponds to the utf8 resource.
UTF-8 Fonts (utf8-fonts)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 fonts for display.
It is useful for temporarily switching xterm to display
text from an application which does not follow the locale
settings. It combines the utf8 and utf8Fonts
resources.
UTF-8 Titles (utf8-titles)
This controls whether xterm accepts UTF-8 encoding for
title control sequences. It corresponds to the utf8Fonts
resource.
Initially the checkmark is set according to both the utf8
and utf8Fonts resource values. If the latter is set to
“always”, the checkmark is disabled. Likewise, if there are no
fonts given in the utf8Fonts subresources, then the
checkmark also is disabled.
The standard XTerm app-defaults file defines both sets of
fonts, while the UXTerm app-defaults file defines only one
set. assuming the standard app-defaults files, this command will
launch xterm able to switch between UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1
encoded fonts:
uxterm -class XTerm
The fourth section allows you to enable or disable special
operations which can be controlled by writing escape sequences to
the terminal. These are disabled if the SendEvents feature is
enabled:
Allow Color Ops (allow-font-ops)
This corresponds to the allowColorOps resource. Enable or
disable control sequences that set/query the colors.
Allow Font Ops (allow-font-ops)
This corresponds to the allowFontOps resource. Enable or
disable control sequences that set/query the font.
Allow Tcap Ops (allow-tcap-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that query the terminal’s
notion of its function-key strings, as termcap or terminfo
capabilities. This corresponds to the allowTcapOps
resource.
Allow Title Ops (allow-title-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that modify the window title
or icon name. This corresponds to the allowTitleOps
resource.
Allow Window Ops (allow-window-ops)
Enable or disable extended window control sequences (as used in
dtterm). This corresponds to the allowWindowOps resource.
TEK Options
The tekMenu sets various modes in the Tektronix emulation,
and is popped up when the “control” key and pointer button two
are pressed in the Tektronix window. The current font size is
checked in the modes section of the menu.
Large Characters (tektextlarge)
#2 Size Characters (tektext2)
#3 Size Characters (tektext3)
Small Characters (tektextsmall)
Commands:
PAGE (tekpage)
Clear the Tektronix window.
RESET (tekreset)
COPY (tekcopy)
Windows:
Show VT Window (vtshow)
Switch to VT Mode (vtmode)
Hide Tek Window (tekhide)
other features
Xterm automatically highlights the text cursor when the
pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights it when the
pointer leaves the window (unselected). If the window is the
focus window, then the text cursor is highlighted no matter where
the pointer is.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to activate and
deactivate an alternate screen buffer, which is the same size as
the display area of the window. When activated, the current
screen is saved and replaced with the alternate screen. Saving of
lines scrolled off the top of the window is disabled until the
normal screen is restored. The termcap(5) entry for
xterm allows the visual editor vi(1) to switch to
the alternate screen for editing and to restore the screen on
exit. A popup menu entry makes it simple to switch between the
normal and alternate screens for cut and paste.
In either VT102 or Tektronix mode, there are escape sequences to
change the name of the windows. Additionally, in VT102 mode,
xterm implements the window-manipulation control sequences
from dtterm, such as resizing the window, setting its
location on the screen.
Xterm allows character-based applications to receive mouse
events (currently button-press and release events, and
button-motion events) as keyboard control sequences. See Xterm
Control Sequences for details.
pointer usage
Once the VT102 window is created, xterm allows you to
select text and copy it within the same or other windows.
SELECTION
The selection functions are invoked when the pointer buttons are
used with no modifiers, and when they are used with the “shift”
key. The assignment of the functions described below to keys and
buttons may be changed through the resource database; see
ACTIONS below.
Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text into the
cut buffer. Move the cursor to beginning of the text, and then
hold the button down while moving the cursor to the end of the
region and releasing the button. The selected text is highlighted
and is saved in the global cut buffer and made the PRIMARY
selection when the button is released. Normally (but see the
discussion of on2Clicks, etc):
-
Double-clicking selects by words.
-
Triple-clicking selects by lines.
-
Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc.
Multiple-click is determined by the time from button up to button
down, so you can change the selection unit in the middle of a
selection. Logical words and lines selected by double- or
triple-clicking may wrap across more than one screen line if
lines were wrapped by xterm itself rather than by the
application running in the window. If the key/button bindings
specify that an X selection is to be made, xterm will
leave the selected text highlighted for as long as it is the
selection owner.
Pointer button two (usually middle) “types” (pastes) the text
from the PRIMARY selection, if any, otherwise from the cut
buffer, inserting it as keyboard input.
Pointer button three (usually right) extends the current
selection. (Without loss of generality, you can swap “right” and
“left” everywhere in the rest of this paragraph.) If pressed
while closer to the right edge of the selection than the left, it
extends/contracts the right edge of the selection. If you
contract the selection past the left edge of the selection,
xterm assumes you really meant the left edge, restores the
original selection, then extends/contracts the left edge of the
selection. Extension starts in the selection unit mode that the
last selection or extension was performed in; you can
multiple-click to cycle through them.
By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new lines,
you can take text from several places in different windows and
form a command to the shell, for example, or take output from a
program and insert it into your favorite editor. Since cut
buffers are globally shared among different applications, you may
regard each as a “file” whose contents you know. The terminal
emulator and other text programs should be treating it as if it
were a text file, i.e., the text is delimited by new lines.
SCROLLING
The scroll region displays the position and amount of text
currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to the
amount of text actually saved. As more text is saved (up to the
maximum), the size of the highlighted area decreases.
Clicking button one with the pointer in the scroll region moves
the adjacent line to the top of the display window.
Clicking button three moves the top line of the display window
down to the pointer position.
Clicking button two moves the display to a position in the saved
text that corresponds to the pointer’s position in the scrollbar.
TEKTRONIX POINTER
Unlike the VT102 window, the Tektronix window does not allow the
copying of text. It does allow Tektronix GIN mode, and in this
mode the cursor will change from an arrow to a cross. Pressing
any key will send that key and the current coordinate of the
cross cursor. Pressing button one, two, or three will return the
letters “l”, “m”, and “r”, respectively. If the “shift” key is
pressed when a pointer button is pressed, the corresponding upper
case letter is sent. To distinguish a pointer button from a key,
the high bit of the character is set (but this is bit is normally
stripped unless the terminal mode is RAW; see tty(4) for
details).
resources
The program understands all of the core X Toolkit resource names
and classes. Application specific resources (e.g.,
“XTerm.NAME”) follow:
backarrowKeyIsErase (class BackarrowKeyIsErase)
Tie the VTxxx backarrowKey and ptyInitialErase
resources together by setting the DECBKM state according to
whether the initial value of stty erase is a backspace (8)
or delete (127) character. The default is “false”, which disables
this feature.
fullscreen (class Fullscreen)
Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window
manager to use a fullscreen layout on startup. Xterm
accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the number shown in
parentheses:
false (0)
Fullscreen layout is not used initially, but may be later via
menu-selection or control sequence.
true (1)
Fullscreen layout is used initially, but may be disabled later
via menu-selection or control sequence.
always (2)
Fullscreen layout is used initially, and cannot be disabled later
via menu-selection or control sequence.
never (3)
Fullscreen layout is not used, and cannot be enabled later via
menu-selection or control sequence.
The default is “false”.
hold (class Hold)
If true, xterm will not immediately destroy its window
when the shell command completes. It will wait until you use the
window manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu
entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL. You may scroll
back, select text, etc., to perform most graphical operations.
Resizing the display will lose data, however, since this involves
interaction with the shell which is no longer running.
hpFunctionKeys (class HpFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not HP Function Key escape codes should be
generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the application when
iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers.
iconName (class IconName)
Specifies the icon name. The default is the application name,
e.g., “xterm”.
keyboardType (class KeyboardType)
Enables one (or none) of the various keyboard-type resources:
hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys,
sunFunctionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys and
sunKeyboard. The resource’s value should be one of the
corresponding strings “hp”, “sco”, “sun”, “tcap” or “vt220”. The
individual resources are provided for legacy support; this
resource is simpler to use.
The default is “unknown”, i.e., none of the associated resources
are set via this resource.
maxBufSize (class MaxBufSize)
Specify the maximum size of the input buffer. The default is
“32768”. You cannot set this to a value less than the
minBufSize resource. It will be increased as needed to
make that value evenly divide this one.
On some systems you may want to increase one or both of the
maxBufSize and minBufSize resource values to
achieve better performance if the operating system prefers larger
buffer sizes.
maximized (class Maximized)
Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window
manager to maximize its layout on startup. The default is
“false”.
messages (class Messages)
Specifies whether write access to the terminal is allowed
initially. See mesg(1). The default is “true”.
menuLocale (class MenuLocale)
Specify the locale used for character-set computations when
loading the popup menus. Use this to improve initialization
performance of the Athena popup menus, which may load unnecessary
(and very large) fonts, e.g., in a locale having UTF-8 encoding.
The default is “C” (POSIX).
To use the current locale (only useful if you have localized the
resource settings for the menu entries), set the resource to an
empty string.
minBufSize (class MinBufSize)
Specify the minimum size of the input buffer, i.e., the amount of
data that xterm requests on each read. The default is
“4096”. You cannot set this to a value less than 64.
omitTranslation (class OmitTranslation)
Selectively omit one or more parts of xterm’s default
translations at startup. The resource value is a comma-separated
list of keywords, which may be abbreviated: “fullscreen”,
“scroll-lock”, “shift-fonts” or “wheel-mouse”. Xterm also
recognizes “default”, but omitting that will make the program
unusable unless you provide a similar definition in your resource
settings.
ptyHandshake (class PtyHandshake)
If “true”, xterm will perform handshaking during
initialization to ensure that the parent and child processes
update the utmp and stty state.
See also waitForMap which waits for the pseudo-terminal’s
notion of the screen size, and ptySttySize which resets
the screen size after other terminal initialization is complete.
The default is “true”.
ptyInitialErase (class PtyInitialErase)
If “true”, xterm will use the pseudo-terminal’s sense of
the stty erase value. If “false”, xterm will set
the stty erase value to match its own configuration, using
the kb string from the termcap entry as a reference, if
available. In either case, the result is applied to the TERMCAP
variable which xterm sets.
See also the ttyModes resource, which may modify this. The
default is “false”.
ptySttySize (class PtySttySize)
If “true”, xterm will reset the screen size after terminal
initialization is complete. This is needed for some systems whose
pseudo-terminals cannot propagate terminal characteristics. Where
it is not needed, it can interfere with other methods for setting
the intial screen size, e.g., via window manager interaction.
See also waitForMap which waits for a handshake-message
giving the pseudo-terminal’s notion of the screen size. The
default is “false” on Linux and OS X systems, “true” otherwise.
sameName (class SameName)
If the value of this resource is “true”, xterm does not
send title and icon name change requests when the request would
have no effect: the name is not changed. This has the advantage
of preventing flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra
round trip to the server to find out the previous value. In
practice this should never be a problem. The default is “true”.
scaleHeight (class ScaleHeight)
Scale line-height values by the resource value, which is limited
to “0.9” to “1.5”. The default value is “1.0”,
While this resource applies to either bitmap or TrueType fonts,
its main purpose is to help work around incompatible changes in
the Xft library’s font metrics. Xterm checks the font
metrics to find what the library claims are the bounding boxes
for each glyph (character). However, some of Xft’s features (such
as the autohinter) can cause the glyphs to be scaled larger than
the bounding boxes, and be partly overwritten by the next row.
See useClipping for a related resource.
scoFunctionKeys (class ScoFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not SCO Function Key escape codes should be
generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
sessionMgt (class SessionMgt)
If the value of this resource is “true”, xterm sets up
session manager callbacks for XtNdieCallback and
XtNsaveCallback. The default is “true”.
sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not Sun Function Key escape codes should be
generated for function keys instead of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
sunKeyboard (class SunKeyboard)
Specifies whether or not Sun/PC keyboard layout should be assumed
rather than DEC VT220. This causes the keypad “+’ to be mapped to
“,’. and CTRL F1-F12 to F11-F20, depending on the setting of the
ctrlFKeys resource. so xterm emulates a DEC VT220
more accurately. Otherwise (the default, with sunKeyboard
set to “false”), xterm uses PC-style bindings for the
function keys and keypad.
PC-style bindings use the Shift, Alt, Control and Meta keys as
modifiers for function-keys and keypad (see the document Xterm
Control Sequences for details). The PC-style bindings are
analogous to PCTerm, but not the same thing. Normally these
bindings do not conflict with the use of the Meta key as
described for the eightBitInput resource. If they do, note
that the PC-style bindings are evaluated first.
See also the keyboardType resource.
tcapFunctionKeys (class TcapFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not function key escape codes read from the
termcap/terminfo entry should be generated for function keys
instead of standard escape sequences. The default is “false”,
i.e., this feature is disabled.
See also the keyboardType resource.
termName (class TermName)
Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the TERM
environment variable.
title (class Title)
Specifies a string that may be used by the window manager when
displaying this application.
toolBar (class ToolBar)
Specifies whether or not the toolbar should be displayed. The
default is “true”.
ttyModes (class TtyModes)
Specifies a string containing terminal setting keywords and the
characters to which they may be bound. Allowable keywords
include: brk, dsusp, eof, eol, eol2, erase, erase2, flush, intr,
kill, lnext, quit, rprnt, start, status, stop, susp, swtch and
weras. Control characters may be specified as ^char (e.g., ^c or
^u) and ^? may be used to indicate delete (127). Use
^- to denote undef. Use \034 to represent
^\, since a literal backslash in an X resource escapes the
next character.
This is very useful for overriding the default terminal settings
without having to do an stty every time an xterm is
started. Note, however, that the stty program on a given
host may use different keywords; xterm’s table is
built-in.
If the ttyModes resource specifies a value for
erase, that overrides the ptyInitialErase resource
setting, i.e., xterm initializes the terminal to match
that value.
useInsertMode (class UseInsertMode)
Force use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the
TERMCAP environment variable. This is useful if the system
termcap is broken. The default is “false”.
utmpDisplayId (class UtmpDisplayId)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the
display identifier (display number and screen number) as well as
the hostname in the system utmp log file. The default is
“true”.
utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record the
user’s terminal in the system utmp log file. If true,
xterm will not try. The default is “false”.
waitForMap (class WaitForMap)
Specifies whether or not xterm should wait for the initial
window map before starting the subprocess. This is part of the
ptyHandshake logic. When xterm is directed to wait
in this fashion, it passes the terminal size from the display end
of the pseudo-terminal to the terminal I/O connection, e.g.,
according to the window manager. Otherwise, it uses the size as
given in resource values or command-line option -geom. The
default is “false”.
zIconBeep (class ZIconBeep)
Same as -ziconbeep command line argument. If the value of this
resource is non-zero, xterms that produce output while iconified
will cause an XBell sound at the given volume and have “***”
prepended to their icon titles. Most window managers will detect
this change immediately, showing you which window has the output.
(A similar feature was in x10 xterm.) The default is
“false”.
VT100 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the vt100
widget (class VT100). They are specified by patterns such
as “XTerm.vt100.NAME”.
If your xterm is configured to support the “toolbar”, then
those patterns need an extra level for the form-widget which
holds the toolbar and vt100 widget. A wildcard between the
top-level “XTerm” and the “vt100” widget makes the resource
settings work for either, e.g., “XTerm*vt100.NAME”.
activeIcon (class ActiveIcon)
Specifies whether or not active icon windows are to be used when
the xterm window is iconified, if this feature is compiled
into xterm. The active icon is a miniature representation
of the content of the window and will update as the content
changes. Not all window managers necessarily support application
icon windows. Some window managers will allow you to enter
keystrokes into the active icon window. The default is “false”.
allowBoldFonts (class AllowBoldFonts)
When set to “false”, xterm will not use bold fonts. This
overrides both the alwaysBoldMode and the boldMode
resources. alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBoldMode)
allowC1Printable (class AllowC1Printable)
If true, overrides the mapping of C1 controls (codes 128-159) to
make them be treated as if they were printable characters.
Although this corresponds to no particular standard, some users
insist it is a VT100. The default is “false”.
allowColorOps (class AllowColorOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the dynamic
colors should be allowed. ANSI colors are unaffected by this
resource setting. The default is “true”.
allowFontOps (class AllowFontOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the font
should be allowed. The default is “false”.
allowScrollLock (class AllowScrollLock)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query the Scroll
Lock key should be allowed, as well as whether the Scroll Lock
key responds to user’s keypress. The default is “false”.
When this feature is enabled, xterm will sense the state
of the Scroll Lock key each time it acquires focus. Pressing the
Scroll Lock key toggles xterm’s internal state, as well as
toggling the associated LED. While the Scroll Lock is active,
xterm attempts to keep a viewport on the same set of
lines. If the current viewport is scrolled past the limit set by
the saveLines resource, then Scroll Lock has no further
effect.
The reason for setting the default to “false” is to avoid user
surprise. This key is generally unused in keyboard
configurations, and has not acquired a standard meaning even when
it is used in that manner. Consequently, users have assigned it
for ad hoc purposes.
allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button events
(generated using the X protocol SendEvent request) should be
interpreted or discarded. The default is “false” meaning they are
discarded. Note that allowing such events would create a very
large security hole, therefore enabling this resource forcefully
disables the allowXXXOps resources. The
default is “false”.
allowTcapOps (class AllowTcapOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that query the terminal’s
notion of its function-key strings, as termcap or terminfo
capabilities should be allowed. The default is “false”.
A few programs, e.g., vim, use this feature to get an
accurate description of the terminal’s capabilities, independent
of the termcap/terminfo setting:
-
xterm can tell the querying program how many colors it
supports. This is a constant, depending on how it is compiled,
typically 16. It does not change if you alter resource settings,
e.g., the boldColors resource.
-
xterm can tell the querying program what strings are sent
by modified (shift-, control-, alt-) function- and keypad-keys.
Reporting control- and alt-modifiers is a feature that relies on
the ncurses extended naming.
allowTitleOps (class AllowTitleOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that modify the window title
or icon name should be allowed. The default is “true”.
allowWindowOps (class AllowWindowOps)
Specifies whether extended window control sequences (as used in
dtterm) should be allowed. These include several control
sequences which manipulate the window size or position, as well
as reporting these values and the title or icon name. Each of
these can be abused in a script; curiously enough most terminal
emulators that implement these restrict only a small part of the
repertoire. For fine-tuning, see disallowedWindowOps. The
default is “false”.
altIsNotMeta (class AltIsNotMeta)
If “true”, treat the Alt-key as if it were the Meta-key. Your
keyboard may happen to be configured so they are the same. But if
they are not, this allows you to use the same prefix- and
shifting operations with the Alt-key as with the Meta-key. See
altSendsEscape and metaSendsEscape. The default is
“false”.
altSendsEscape (class AltSendsEscape)
This is an additional keyboard operation that may be processed
after the logic for metaSendsEscape. It is only available
if the altIsNotMeta resource is set.
•
If “true”, Alt characters (a character combined with the modifier
associated with left/right Alt-keys) are converted into a
two-character sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC.
This applies as well to function key control sequences, unless
xterm sees that Alt is used in your key
translations.
•
If “false”, Alt characters input from the keyboard cause a shift
to 8-bit characters (just like metaSendsEscape). By
combining the Alt- and Meta-modifiers, you can create
corresponding combinations of ESC-prefix and 8-bit characters.
The default is “false”.
Xterm provides a menu option for toggling this resource.
alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBoldMode)
Specifies whether xterm should check if the normal and
bold fonts are distinct before deciding whether to use
overstriking to simulate bold fonts. If this resource is true,
xterm does not make the check for distinct fonts when
deciding how to handle the boldMode resource. The default
is “false”.
As an alternative, setting the allowBoldFonts resource to
false overrides both the alwaysBoldMode and the
boldMode resources.
alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight)
Specifies whether or not xterm should always display a
highlighted text cursor. By default (if this resource is false),
a hollow text cursor is displayed whenever the pointer moves out
of the window or the window loses the input focus. The default is
“false”.
alwaysUseMods (class AlwaysUseMods)
Override the numLock resource, telling xterm to use
the Alt and Meta modifiers to construct parameters for function
key sequences even if those modifiers appear in the translations
resource. Normally xterm checks if Alt or Meta is used in
a translation that would conflict with function key modifiers,
and will ignore these modifiers in that special case. The default
is “false”.
answerbackString (class AnswerbackString)
Specifies the string that xterm sends in response to an
ENQ (control/E) character from the host. The default is a blank
string, i.e., “”. A hardware VT100 implements this feature as a
setup option.
appcursorDefault (class AppcursorDefault)
If “true”, the cursor keys are initially in application mode.
This is the same as the VT102 private DECCKM mode, The default is
“false”.
appkeypadDefault (class AppkeypadDefault)
If “true”, the keypad keys are initially in application mode. The
default is “false”.
autoWrap (class AutoWrap)
Specifies whether or not auto-wraparound should be enabled. This
is the same as the VT102 DECAWM. The default is “true”.
awaitInput (class AwaitInput)
Specifies whether or not the xterm uses a 50 millisecond
timeout to await input (i.e., to support the Xaw3d arrow
scrollbar). The default is “false”.
backarrowKey (class BackarrowKey)
Specifies whether the backarrow key transmits a backspace (8) or
delete (127) character. This corresponds to the DECBKM control
sequence. The default (backspace) is “true”. Pressing the control
key toggles this behavior.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the window. The
default is “XtDefaultBackground”.
bellIsUrgent (class BellIsUrgent)
Specifies whether to set the Urgency hint for the window manager
when making a bell sound. The default is “false”.
bellOnReset (class BellOnReset)
Specifies whether to sound a bell when doing a hard reset. The
default is “true”.
bellSuppressTime (class BellSuppressTime)
Number of milliseconds after a bell command is sent during which
additional bells will be suppressed. Default is 200. If set
non-zero, additional bells will also be suppressed until the
server reports that processing of the first bell has been
completed; this feature is most useful with the visible bell.
boldColors (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether to combine bold attribute with colors like the
IBM PC, i.e., map colors 0 through 7 to colors 8 through 15.
These normally are the brighter versions of the first 8 colors,
hence bold. The default is “true”.
boldFont (class BoldFont)
Specifies the name of the bold font to use instead of
overstriking. There is no default for this resource.
This font must be the same height and width as the normal font,
otherwise it is ignored. If only one of the normal or bold fonts
is specified, it will be used as the normal font and the bold
font will be produced by overstriking this font.
See also the discussion of boldMode and
alwaysBoldMode resources.
boldMode (class BoldMode)
This specifies whether or not text with the bold attribute should
be overstruck to simulate bold fonts if the resolved bold font is
the same as the normal font. It may be desirable to disable bold
fonts when color is being used for the bold attribute.
Note that xterm has one bold font which you may set
explicitly. Xterm attempts to derive a bold font for the
other font selections (font1 through font6). If it
cannot find a bold font, it will use the normal font. In each
case (whether the explicit resource or the derived font), if the
normal and bold fonts are distinct, this resource has no effect.
The default is “true”.
See the alwaysBoldMode resource which can modify the
behavior of this resource.
Although xterm attempts to derive a bold font for other
font selections, the font server may not cooperate. Since X11R6,
bitmap fonts have been scaled. The font server claims to provide
the bold font that xterm requests, but the result is not
always readable. XFree86 introduced a feature which can be used
to suppress the scaling. In the X server’s configuration file
(e.g., “/etc/X11/XFree86”), you can add “:unscaled” to the end of
the directory specification for the “misc” fonts, which comprise
the fixed-pitch fonts that are used by xterm. For example
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
would become
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/:unscaled"
Depending on your configuration, the font server may have its own
configuration file. The same “:unscaled” can be added to its
configuration file at the end of the directory specification for
“misc”.
The bitmap scaling feature is also used by xterm to
implement VT102 double-width and double-height characters.
brokenLinuxOSC (class BrokenLinuxOSC)
If true, xterm applies a workaround to ignore malformed
control sequences that a Linux script might send. Compare the
palette control sequences documented in console_codes with
ECMA-48. The default is “true”.
brokenSelections (class BrokenSelections)
If true, xterm in 8-bit mode will interpret STRING
selections as carrying text in the current locale’s encoding.
Normally STRING selections carry ISO-8859-1 encoded text.
Setting this resource to “true” violates the ICCCM; it may,
however, be useful for interacting with some broken X clients.
The default is “false”.
brokenStringTerm (class BrokenStringTerm)
provides a work-around for some ISDN routers which start an
application control string without completing it. Set this to
“true” if xterm appears to freeze when connecting. The
default is “false”.
Xterm’s state parser recognizes several types of control
strings which can contain text, e.g.,
APC (Application Program Command),
DCS (Device Control String),
OSC (Operating System Command),
PM (Privacy Message), and
SOS (Start of String),
Each should end with a string-terminator (a special character
which cannot appear in these strings). Ordinary control
characters found within the string are not ignored; they are
processed without interfering with the process of accumulating
the control string’s content. Xterm recognizes these
controls in all modes, although some of the functions may be
suppressed after parsing the control.
When enabled, this feature allows the user to exit from an
unterminated control string when any of these ordinary control
characters are found:
control/D (used as an end of file in many shells),
control/H (backspace),
control/I (tab-feed),
control/J (line feed aka newline),
control/K (vertical tab),
control/L (form feed),
control/M (carriage return),
control/N (shift-out),
control/O (shift-in),
control/Q (XOFF),
control/X (cancel)
c132 (class C132)
Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence, used
to switch between 80 and 132 columns, should be honored. The
default is “false”.
cacheDoublesize (class CacheDoublesize)
Tells whether to cache double-sized fonts by xterm. Set
this to zero to disable double-sized fonts altogether.
charClass (class CharClass)
Specifies comma-separated lists of character class bindings of
the form [low-]high:value. These are used in
determining which sets of characters should be treated the same
when doing cut and paste. See the CHARACTER CLASSES
section.
cjkWidth (class CjkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should follow the traditional East
Asian width convention. When turned on, characters with East
Asian Ambiguous (A) category in UTR 11 have a column width of 2.
You may have to set this option to “true” if you have some old
East Asian terminal based programs that assume that line-drawing
characters have a column width of 2. If this resource is false,
the mkWidth resource controls the choice between the
system’s wcwidth and xterm’s built-in tables. The
default is “false”.
color0 (class Color0)
color1 (class Color1)
color2 (class Color2)
color3 (class Color3)
color4 (class Color4)
color5 (class Color5)
color6 (class Color6)
color7 (class Color7)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension. The defaults
are, respectively, black, red3, green3, yellow3, a customizable
dark blue, magenta3, cyan3, and gray90. The default shades of
color are chosen to allow the colors 8-15 to be used as brighter
versions.
color8 (class Color8)
color9 (class Color9)
color10 (class Color10)
color11 (class Color11)
color12 (class Color12)
color13 (class Color13)
color14 (class Color14)
color15 (class Color15)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension if the bold
attribute is also enabled. The default resource values are
respectively, gray30, red, green, yellow, a customizable light
blue, magenta, cyan, and white.
color16 (class Color16)
through
color255 (class Color255)
These specify the colors for the 256-color extension. The default
resource values are for colors 16 through 231 to make a 6x6x6
color cube, and colors 232 through 255 to make a grayscale ramp.
Resources past color15 are available as a compile-time
option. Due to a hardcoded limit in the X libraries on the total
number of resources (to 400), the resources for 256-colors are
omitted when wide-character support and luit are enabled.
Besides inconsistent behavior if only part of the resources were
allowed, determining the exact cutoff is difficult, and the X
libraries tend to crash if the number of resources exceeds the
limit. The color palette is still initialized to the same default
values, and can be modified via control sequences.
On the other hand, the resource limit does permit including the
entire range for 88-colors.
colorAttrMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether colorBD, colorBL, colorRV,
and colorUL should override ANSI colors. If not, these are
displayed only when no ANSI colors have been set for the
corresponding position. The default is “false”.
colorBD (class ColorBD)
This specifies the color to use to display bold characters if the
“colorBDMode” resource is enabled. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
colorBDMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the bold attribute should be
displayed in color or as bold characters. Note that setting
colorMode off disables all colors, including bold. The
default is “false”.
colorBL (class ColorBL)
This specifies the color to use to display blink characters if
the “colorBLMode” resource is enabled. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
colorBLMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the blink attribute should be
displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off
disables all colors, including this. The default is “false”.
colorMode (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether or not recognition of ANSI (ISO-6429) color
change escape sequences should be enabled. The default is “true”.
colorRV (class ColorRV)
This specifies the color to use to display reverse characters if
the “colorRVMode” resource is enabled. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
colorRVMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the reverse attribute should be
displayed in color. Note that setting colorMode off
disables all colors, including this. The default is “false”.
colorUL (class ColorUL)
This specifies the color to use to display underlined characters
if the “colorULMode” resource is enabled. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
colorULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should
be displayed in color or as underlined characters. Note that
setting colorMode off disables all colors, including
underlining. The default is “false”.
combiningChars (class CombiningChars)
Specifies the number of wide-characters which can be stored in a
cell to overstrike (combine) with the base character of the cell.
This can be set to values in the range 0 to 4. The default is
“2”.
ctrlFKeys (class CtrlFKeys)
In VT220 keyboard mode (see sunKeyboard resource),
specifies the amount by which to shift F1-F12 given a control
modifier (CTRL). This allows you to generate key symbols for
F10-F20 on a Sun/PC keyboard. The default is “10”, which means
that CTRL F1 generates the key symbol for F11.
curses (class Curses)
Specifies whether or not the last column bug in more(1)
should be worked around. See the -cu option for details.
The default is “false”.
cursorBlink (class CursorBlink)
Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. The default is
“false”.
cursorColor (class CursorColor)
Specifies the color to use for the text cursor. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”. By default, xterm attempts to keep
this color from being the same as the background color, since it
draws the cursor by filling the background of a text cell. The
same restriction applies to control sequences which may change
this color.
Setting this resource overrides most of xterm’s
adjustments to cursor color. It will still use reverse-video to
disallow some cases, such as a black cursor on a black
background.
cursorOffTime (class CursorOffTime)
Specifies the duration of the “off” part of the cursor blink
cycle-time in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text
blinking. The default is “300”.
cursorOnTime (class CursorOnTime)
Specifies the duration of the “on” part of the cursor blink
cycle-time, in milliseconds. The same timer is used for text
blinking. The default is “600”.
cutNewline (class CutNewline)
If “false”, triple clicking to select a line does not include the
Newline at the end of the line. If “true”, the Newline is
selected. The default is “true”.
cursorUnderLine (class CursorUnderLine)
Specifies whether to make the cursor underlined or a box. The
default is “false”.
cutToBeginningOfLine (class CutToBeginningOfLine)
If “false”, triple clicking to select a line selects only from
the current word forward. If “true”, the entire line is selected.
The default is “true”.
decTerminalID (class DecTerminalID)
Specifies the emulation level (100=VT100, 220=VT220, etc.), used
to determine the type of response to a DA control sequence.
Leading non-digit characters are ignored, e.g., “vt100” and “100”
are the same. The default is “100”.
defaultString (class DefaultString)
Specify the character (or string) which xterm will
substitute when pasted text includes a character which cannot be
represented in the current encoding. For instance, pasting UTF-8
text into a display of ISO-8859-1 characters will only be able to
display codes 0-255, while UTF-8 text can include Unicode values
above 255. The default is “#” (a single pound sign).
If the undisplayable text would be double-width, xterm
will add a space after the “#” character, to give roughly the
same layout on the screen as the original text.
deleteIsDEL (class DeleteIsDEL)
Specifies whether the Delete key on the editing keypad should
send DEL (127) or the VT220-style Remove escape sequence. The
default is “false”, for the latter.
disallowedColorOps (class DisallowedColorOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowColorOps
is false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default
value is
SetColor,GetColor,GetAnsiColor
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capitalization,
but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity.
SetColor
Set a specific dynamic color.
GetColor
Report the current setting of a given dynamic color.
GetAnsiColor
Report the current setting of a given ANSI color (actually any of
the colors set via ANSI-style controls).
disallowedFontOps (class DisallowedFontOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowFontOps is
false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value
is
SetFont,GetFont
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capitalization,
but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity.
SetFont
Set the specified font.
GetFont
Report the specified font.
disallowedTcapOps (class DisallowedTcapOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowTcapOps is
false. This is a comma-separated list of names. The default value
is
SetTcap,GetTcap
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capitalization,
but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity.
SetTcap
(not implemented)
GetTcap
Report specified function- and other special keys.
disallowedWindowOps (class DisallowedWindowOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowWindowOps
is false. This is a comma-separated list of names, or (for the
controls adapted from dtterm the operation number). The
default value is
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,14,18,19,20,21,GetSelection,SetSelection,SetWinLines,SetXprop
(i.e. no operations are allowed).
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capitalization,
but they are shown in mixed-case for clarity. Where a number can
be used as an alternative, it is given in parentheses after the
name.
GetIconTitle (20)
Report xterm window’s icon label as a string.
GetScreenSizeChars (19)
Report the size of the screen in characters as numbers.
GetSelection
Report selection data as a base64 string.
GetWinPosition (13)
Report xterm window position as numbers.
GetWinSizeChars (18)
Report the size of the text area in characters as numbers.
GetWinSizePixels (14)
Report xterm window in pixels as numbers.
GetWinState (11)
Report xterm window state as a number.
GetWinTitle (21)
Report xterm window’s title as a string.
LowerWin (6)
Lower the xterm window to the bottom of the stacking order.
MaximizeWin (9)
Maximize window (i.e., resize to screen size).
FullscreenWin (10)
Use full screen (i.e., resize to screen size, without window
decorations).
MinimizeWin (2)
Iconify window.
PopTitle (23)
Pop title from internal stack.
PushTitle (22)
Push title to internal stack.
RaiseWin (5)
Raise the xterm window to the front of the stacking order.
RefreshWin (7)
Refresh the xterm window.
RestoreWin (1)
De-iconify window.
SetSelection
Set selection data.
SetWinLines
Resize to a given number of lines, at least 24.
SetWinPosition (3)
Move window to given coordinates.
SetWinSizeChars (8)
Resize the text area to given size in characters.
SetWinSizePixels (4)
Resize the xterm window to given size in pixels.
SetXprop
Set X property on top-level window.
dynamicColors (class DynamicColors)
Specifies whether or not escape sequences to change colors
assigned to different attributes are recognized.
eightBitControl (class EightBitControl)
Specifies whether or not control sequences sent by the terminal
should be eight-bit characters or escape sequences. The default
is “false”.
eightBitInput (class EightBitInput)
If “true”, Meta characters (a single-byte character combined with
the Meta modifier key) input from the keyboard are
presented as a single character, modified according to the
eightBitMeta resource. If “false”, Meta characters are
converted into a two-character sequence with the character itself
preceded by ESC. The default is “true”.
The metaSendsEscape and altSendsEscape resources
may override this feature. Generally keyboards do not have a key
labeled “Meta”, but “Alt” keys are common, and they are
conventionally used for “Meta”. If they were synonymous, it would
have been reasonable to name this resource
“altSendsEscape”, reversing its sense. For more background
on this, see the meta function in curses.
Note that the Alt key is not necessarily the same as the
Meta modifier. xmodmap lists your key modifiers. X
defines modifiers for shift, (caps) lock and control, as well as
5 additional modifiers which are generally used to configure key
modifiers. xterm inspects the same information to find the
modifier associated with either Meta key (left or right),
and uses that key as the Meta modifier. It also looks for
the NumLock key, to recognize the modifier which is associated
with that.
If your xmodmap configuration uses the same keycodes for
Alt- and Meta-keys, xterm will only see the Alt-key
definitions, since those are tested before Meta-keys. NumLock is
tested first. It is important to keep these keys distinct;
otherwise some of xterm’s functionality is not available.
The eightBitInput resource is tested at startup time. If
“true”, the xterm tries to put the terminal into 8-bit
mode. If “false”, on startup, xterm tries to put the
terminal into 7-bit mode. For some configurations this is
unsuccessful; failure is ignored. After startup, xterm
does not change the terminal between 8-bit and 7-bit mode.
As originally implemented in X11, the resource value did not
change after startup. However (since patch #216 in 2006)
xterm can modify eightBitInput after startup via a
control sequence. The corresponding terminfo capabilities
smm (set meta mode) and rmm (reset meta mode) have
been recognized by bash for some time. Interestingly
enough, bash’s notion of "meta mode" differs from the
standard definition (in the terminfo manual), which
describes the change to the eighth bit of a character. It happens
that bash views "meta mode" as the ESC character that
xterm puts before a character when a special meta key is
pressed. bash’s early documentation talks about the ESC
character and ignores the eighth bit.
eightBitMeta (class EightBitMeta)
This controls the way xterm modifies the eighth bit of a
single-byte key when the eightBitInput resource is set.
The default is “locale”.
The resource value is a string, evaluated as a boolean after
startup.
false
The key is sent unmodified.
locale
The key is modified only if the locale uses eight-bit encoding.
true
The key is sent modified.
never
The key is always sent unmodified.
Except for the never choice, xterm honors the
terminfo capabilities smm (set meta mode) and rmm
(reset meta mode), allowing the feature to be turned on or off
dynamically.
If eightBitMeta is enabled when the locale uses UTF-8,
xterm encodes the value as UTF-8 (since patch #183 in
2003).
eightBitOutput (class EightBitOutput)
Specifies whether or not eight-bit characters sent from the host
should be accepted as is or stripped when printed. The default is
“true”, which means that they are accepted as is.
eightBitSelectTypes (class EightBitSelectTypes)
Override xterm’s default selection target list (see
SELECT/PASTE) for selections in normal (ISO-8859-1) mode. The
default is an empty string, i.e., “”, which does not override
anything.
faceName (class FaceName)
Specify the pattern for scalable fonts selected from the FreeType
library if support for that library was compiled into
xterm. There is no default value.
If not specified, or if there is no match for both normal and
bold fonts, xterm uses the bitmap font and related
resources.
It is possible to select suitable bitmap fonts using a script
such as this:
#!/bin/sh
FONT=’xfontsel -print’
test -n "$FONT" && xfd -fn "$FONT"
However (even though xfd accepts a “-fa” option to
denote FreeType fonts), xfontsel has not been similarly
extended. As a workaround, you may try
fc-list :scalable=true:spacing=mono: family
to find a list of scalable fixed-pitch fonts which may be used
for the faceName resource value.
faceNameDoublesize (class FaceNameDoublesize)
Specify a double-width scalable font for cases where an
application requires this, e.g., in CJK applications. There is no
default value.
If the application uses double-wide characters and this resource
is not given, xterm will use a scaled version of the font
given by faceName.
faceSize (class FaceSize)
Specify the pointsize for fonts selected from the FreeType
library if support for that library was compiled into
xterm. The default is “14.0” On the VT Fonts
menu, this corresponds to the Default entry.
Although the default is “14.0”, this may not be the same as the
pointsize for the default bitmap font, i.e., that assigned with
the -fn option, or the font resource. For example,
the “fixed” font usually has a pointsize of “8.0”. If you set
faceSize to match the size of the bitmap font, then
switching between bitmap and TrueType fonts via the font menu
will give comparable sizes for the window.
You can specify the pointsize for TrueType fonts selected with
the other size-related menu entries such as Medium, Huge, etc.,
by using one of the following resource values. If you do not
specify a value, they default to “0.0”, which causes xterm
to use the ratio of font sizes from the corresponding bitmap font
resources to obtain a TrueType pointsize.
If all of the faceSize resources are set, then
xterm will use this information to determine the next
smaller/larger TrueType font for the larger-vt-font() and
smaller-vt-font() actions. If any are not set,
xterm will use only the areas of the bitmap fonts.
faceSize1 (class FaceSize1)
Specifies the pointsize of the first alternative font.
faceSize2 (class FaceSize2)
Specifies the pointsize of the second alternative font.
faceSize3 (class FaceSize3)
Specifies the pointsize of the third alternative font.
faceSize4 (class FaceSize4)
Specifies the pointsize of the fourth alternative font.
faceSize5 (class FaceSize5)
Specifies the pointsize of the fifth alternative font.
faceSize6 (class FaceSize6)
Specifies the pointsize of the sixth alternative font.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the normal font. The default is “fixed”.
See the discussion of the locale resource, which describes
how this font may be overridden.
NOTE: some resource files use patterns such as
*font: fixed
which are overly broad, affecting both
xterm.vt100.font
and
xterm.vt100.utf8Fonts.font
which is probably not what you intended.
fastScroll (class FastScroll)
Modifies the effect of jump scroll (jumpScroll) by
suppressing screen refreshes for the special case when output to
the screen has completely shifted the contents off-screen. For
instance, cat’ing a large file to the screen does this.
font1 (class Font1)
Specifies the name of the first alternative font.
font2 (class Font2)
Specifies the name of the second alternative font.
font3 (class Font3)
Specifies the name of the third alternative font.
font4 (class Font4)
Specifies the name of the fourth alternative font.
font5 (class Font5)
Specifies the name of the fifth alternative font.
font6 (class Font6)
Specifies the name of the sixth alternative font.
fontDoublesize (class FontDoublesize)
Specifies whether xterm should attempt to use font scaling
to draw double-sized characters. Some older font servers cannot
do this properly, will return misleading font metrics. The
default is “true”. If disabled, xterm will simulate
double-sized characters by drawing normal characters with spaces
between them.
fontWarnings (class FontWarnings)
Specify whether xterm should report an error if it fails
to load a font:
0
Never report an error (though the X libraries may).
1
Report an error if the font name was given as a resource setting.
2
Always report an error on failure to load a font.
The default is “1”.
forceBoxChars (class ForceBoxChars)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the normal and bold
fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters:
-
The fixed-pitch ISO-8859-*-encoded fonts used by xterm
normally have the VT100 line-drawing glyphs in cells 1-31. Other
fixed-pitch fonts may be more attractive, but lack these glyphs.
-
When using an ISO-10646-1 font and the wideChars resource
is true, xterm uses the Unicode glyphs which match the
VT100 line-drawing glyphs.
If “false”, xterm checks for missing glyphs in the font
and makes line-drawing characters directly as needed. If “true”,
xterm assumes the font does not contain the line-drawing
characters, and draws them directly. The default is “false”.
forcePackedFont (class ForcePackedFont)
Specifies whether xterm should use the maximum or minimum
glyph width when displaying using a bitmap font. Use the maximum
width to help with proportional fonts. The default is “true”,
denoting the minimum width.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for displaying text in the window.
Setting the class name instead of the instance name is an easy
way to have everything that would normally appear in the text
color change color. The default is “XtDefaultForeground”.
formatOtherKeys (class FormatOtherKeys)
Overrides the format of the escape sequence used to report
modified keys with the modifyOtherKeys resource.
0
send modified keys as parameters for function-key 27 (default).
1
send modified keys as parameters for CSI u.
freeBoldBox (class FreeBoldBox)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the bounding boxes
for normal and bold fonts are compatible. If “false”,
xterm compares them and will reject choices of bold fonts
that do not match the size of the normal font. The default is
“false”, which means that the comparison is performed.
geometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the VT102 window.
There is no default for this resource.
highlightColor (class HighlightColor)
Specifies the color to use for the background of selected
(highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default
foreground), reverse video is used. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
highlightColorMode (class HighlightColorMode)
Specifies whether xterm should use
highlightTextColor and highlightColor to override
the reversed foreground/background colors in a selection. The
default is unspecified: at startup, xterm checks if those
resources are set to something other than the default foreground
and background colors. Setting this resource disables the check.
The following table shows the interaction of the highlighting
resources, abbreviated as shown to fit in this page:
HCM
highlightColorMode
HR
highlightReverse
HBG
highlightColor
HFG
highlightTextColor
highlightReverse (class HighlightReverse)
Specifies whether xterm should reverse the selection
foreground and background colors when selecting text with
reverse-video attribute. This applies only to the
highlightColor and highlightTextColor resources,
e.g., to match the color scheme of xwsh. If “true”,
xterm reverses the colors, If “false”, xterm does
not reverse colors, The default is “true”.
highlightSelection (class HighlightSelection)
If “false”, selecting with the mouse highlights all positions on
the screen between the beginning of the selection and the current
position. If “true”, xterm highlights only the positions
that contain text that can be selected. The default is “false”.
Depending on the way your applications write to the screen, there
may be trailing blanks on a line. Xterm stores data as it
is shown on the screen. Erasing the display changes the internal
state of each cell so it is not considered a blank for the
purpose of selection. Blanks written since the last erase are
selectable. If you do not wish to have trailing blanks in a
selection, use the trimSelection resource.
highlightTextColor (class HighlightTextColor)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of selected
(highlighted) text. If not specified (i.e., matching the default
background), reverse video is used. The default is
“XtDefaultBackground”.
hpLowerleftBugCompat (class HpLowerleftBugCompat)
Specifies whether to work around a bug in HP’s xdb, which
ignores termcap and always sends ESC F to move to the lower left
corner. “true” causes xterm to interpret ESC F as a
request to move to the lower left corner of the screen. The
default is “false”.
i18nSelections (class I18nSelections)
If false, xterm will not request the targets
COMPOUND_TEXT or TEXT. The default is “true”. It
may be set to false in order to work around ICCCM violations by
other X clients.
iconBorderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the border color for the active icon window if this
feature is compiled into xterm. Not all window managers
will make the icon border visible.
iconBorderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the border width for the active icon window if this
feature is compiled into xterm. The default is “2”. Not
all window managers will make the border visible.
iconFont (class IconFont)
Specifies the font for the miniature active icon window, if this
feature is compiled into xterm. The default is “nil2”.
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the VT100 fonts to use initially. Values are
the same as for the set-vt-font action. The default is
“d”, i.e., “default”.
inputMethod (class XtCInputMethod)
Tells xterm which type of input method to use. There is no
default method.
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the number of pixels between the characters and the
window border. The default is “2”.
italicULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline attribute should
be displayed in an italic font or as underlined characters. It is
implemented only for TrueType fonts.
jumpScroll (class JumpScroll)
Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be used. This
corresponds to the VT102 DECSCLM private mode. The default is
“true”. See fastScroll for a variation.
keepSelection (class KeepSelection)
Specifies whether xterm will keep the selection even after
the selected area was touched by some output to the terminal. The
default is “true”.
keyboardDialect (class KeyboardDialect)
Specifies the initial keyboard dialect, as well as the default
value when the terminal is reset. The value given is the same as
the final character in the control sequences which change
character sets. The default is “B”, which corresponds to US
ASCII.
nameKeymap (class NameKeymap)
See the discussion of the keymap() action.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
Limits resizing of the screen via control sequence to a given
multiple of the display dimensions. The default is “1”.
locale (class Locale)
Specifies how to use luit, an encoding converter between
UTF-8 and locale encodings. The resource value (ignoring case)
may be:
true
xterm will use the encoding specified by the users’
LC_CTYPE locale (i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG variables) as
far as possible. This is realized by always enabling UTF-8 mode
and invoking luit in non-UTF-8 locales.
medium
xterm will follow users’ LC_CTYPE locale only for UTF-8,
east Asian, and Thai locales, where the encodings were not
supported by conventional 8bit mode with changing fonts. For
other locales, xterm will use conventional 8bit mode.
checkfont
If mini-luit is compiled-in, xterm will check if a Unicode
font has been specified. If so, it checks if the character
encoding for the current locale is POSIX, Latin-1 or Latin-9,
uses the appropriate mapping to support those with the Unicode
font. For other encodings, xterm assumes that UTF-8
encoding is required.
false
xterm will use conventional 8bit mode or UTF-8 mode
according to utf8 resource or -u8 option.
Any other value, e.g., “UTF-8” or “ISO8859-2”, is assumed to be
an encoding name; luit will be invoked to support the
encoding. The actual list of supported encodings depends on
luit. The default is “medium”.
Regardless of your locale and encoding, you need an ISO-10646-1
font to display the result. Your configuration may not include
this font, or locale-support by xterm may not be needed.
At startup, xterm uses a mechanism equivalent to the
load-vt-fonts(utf8Fonts, Utf8Fonts) action to load
font name subresources of the VT100 widget. That is, resource
patterns such as “*vt100.utf8Fonts.font” will be loaded,
and (if this resource is enabled), override the normal fonts. If
no subresources are found, the normal fonts such as
“*vt100.font”, etc., are used. The resource files
distributed with xterm use ISO-10646-1 fonts, but do not
rely on them unless you are using the locale mechanism.
localeFilter (class LocaleFilter)
Specifies the file name for the encoding converter from/to locale
encodings and UTF-8 which is used with the -lc option or
locale resource. The help message shown by “xterm -help”
lists the default value, which depends on your system
configuration.
If the encoding converter requires command-line parameters, you
can add those after the command, e.g.,
*localeFilter: xterm-filter -p
Alternatively, you may put those parameter within a shell script
to execute the converter, and set this resource to point to the
shell script.
loginShell (class LoginShell)
Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in the window should
be started as a login shell. The default is “false”.
marginBell (class MarginBell)
Specifies whether or not the bell should be rung when the user
types near the right margin. The default is “false”.
metaSendsEscape (class MetaSendsEscape)
If “true”, Meta characters (a character combined with the
Meta modifier key) are converted into a two-character
sequence with the character itself preceded by ESC. This applies
as well to function key control sequences, unless xterm
sees that Meta is used in your key translations. If
“false”, Meta characters input from the keyboard are handled
according to the eightBitInput resource. The default is
“false”.
mkSamplePass (class MkSamplePass)
If mkSampleSize is nonzero, and mkWidth (and
cjkWidth) are false, on startup xterm compares its
built-in tables to the system’s wide character width data to
decide if it will use the system’s data. It tests the first
mkSampleSize character values, and allows up to
mkSamplePass mismatches before the test fails. The default
(for the allowed number of mismatches) is 256.
mkSampleSize (class MkSampleSize)
With mkSamplePass, this specifies a startup test used for
initializing wide character width calculations. The default
(number of characters to check) is 1024.
mkWidth (class MkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should use a built-in version of
the wide character width calculation. See also the
cjkWidth resource which can override this. The default is
“false”.
Here is a summary of the resources which control the choice of
wide character width calculation:
modifyCursorKeys (class ModifyCursorKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt-
or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape
sequence returned by a cursor-key. The default is “2”:
Set it to -1 to disable it.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second parameter if
it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a “>” to hint that it is
private.
modifyFunctionKeys (class ModifyFunctionKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-, Shift-, Alt-
or Meta-modifiers are used to add a parameter to the escape
sequence returned by a (numbered) function-key. The default is
“2”. The resource values are similar to modifyCursorKeys:
Set it to -1 to permit the user to use shift- and
control-modifiers to construct function-key strings using the
normal encoding scheme.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second parameter if
it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a “>” to hint that it is
private.
If modifyFunctionKeys is zero, xterm uses Control-
and Shift-modifiers to allow the user to construct numbered
function-keys beyond the set provided by the keyboard:
Control
adds the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
Shift
adds twice the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
Control/Shift
adds three times the value given by the ctrlFKeys
resource.
As a special case, legacy (when oldFunctionKeys is true)
or vt220 (when sunKeyboard is true) keyboards interpret
only the Control-modifier when constructing numbered
function-keys. This is done to provide compatible keyboards for
DEC VT220 and related terminals that implement user-defined keys
(UDK).
modifyOtherKeys (class ModifyOtherKeys)
Like modifyCursorKeys, tells xterm to construct an
escape sequence for other keys (such as “2”) when modified by
Control-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers. This feature does not apply to
function keys and well-defined keys such as ESC or the control
keys. The default is “0”:
0
disables this feature.
1
enables this feature for keys except for those with well-known
behavior, e.g., Tab, Backarrow and some special control character
cases, e.g., Control-Space to make a NUL.
2
enables this feature for keys including the exceptions listed.
multiClickTime (class MultiClickTime)
Specifies the maximum time in milliseconds between multi-click
select events. The default is “250” milliseconds.
multiScroll (class MultiScroll)
Specifies whether or not scrolling should be done asynchronously.
The default is “false”.
nMarginBell (class Column)
Specifies the number of characters from the right margin at which
the margin bell should be rung, when enabled by the
marginBell resource. The default is “10”.
numLock (class NumLock)
If “true”, xterm checks if NumLock is used as a modifier
(see xmodmap(1)). If so, this modifier is used to simplify
the logic when implementing special NumLock for the
sunKeyboard resource. Also (when sunKeyboard is
false), similar logic is used to find the modifier associated
with the left and right Alt keys. The default is “true”.
oldXtermFKeys (class OldXtermFKeys)
If “true”, xterm will use old-style control sequences for
function keys F1 to F4, for compatibility with X Consortium
xterm. Otherwise, it uses the VT100-style codes for PF1 to
PF4. The default is “false”.
on2Clicks (class On2Clicks)
on3Clicks (class On3Clicks)
on4Clicks (class On4Clicks)
on5Clicks (class On5Clicks)
Specify selection behavior in response to multiple mouse clicks.
A single mouse click is always interpreted as described in the
SELECTION section (see POINTER USAGE). Multiple
mouse clicks (using the button which activates the
select-start action) are interpreted according to the
resource values of on2Clicks, etc. The resource value can
be one of these:
word
Select a “word” as determined by the charClass resource.
See the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
line
Select a line (counting wrapping).
group
Select a group of adjacent lines (counting wrapping). The
selection stops on a blank line, and does not extend outside the
current page.
page
Select all visible lines, i.e., the page.
all
Select all lines, i.e., including the saved lines.
regex
Select a “word” as determined by the regular expression which
follows in the resource value.
none
No selection action is associated with this resource.
xterm interprets it as the end of the list. For example,
you may use it to disable triple (and higher) clicking by setting
on3Clicks to “none”.
The default values for on2Clicks and on3Clicks are
“word” and “line”, respectively. There is no default value for
on4Clicks or on5Clicks, making those inactive. On
startup, xterm determines the maximum number of clicks by
the onXClicks resource values which are set.
openIm (class XtCOpenIm)
Tells xterm whether to open the input method at startup.
The default is “true”.
pointerColor (class PointerColor)
Specifies the foreground color of the pointer. The default is
“XtDefaultForeground”.
pointerColorBackground (class
PointerColorBackground)
Specifies the background color of the pointer. The default is
“XtDefaultBackground”.
pointerMode (class PointerMode)
Specifies when the pointer may be hidden as the user types. It
will be redisplayed if the user moves the mouse, or clicks one of
its buttons.
0
never
1
the application running in xterm has not activated mouse
mode. This is the default.
2
always.
pointerShape (class Cursor)
Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer. The default is
“xterm”.
popOnBell (class PopOnBell)
Specifies whether the window would be raised when Control-G is
received. The default is “false”.
If the window is iconified, this has no effect. However, the
zIconBeep resource provides you with the ability to see
which iconified windows have sounded a bell.
preeditType (class XtCPreeditType)
Tells xterm which types of preedit (preconversion) string
to display. The default is “OverTheSpot,Root”.
printAttributes (class PrintAttributes)
Specifies whether to print graphic attributes along with the
text. A real DEC VTxxx terminal will print the underline,
highlighting codes but your printer may not handle these.
•
“0” disables the attributes.
•
“1” prints the normal set of attributes (bold, underline, inverse
and blink) as VT100-style control sequences.
•
“2” prints ANSI color attributes as well.
The default is “1”.
printFileImmediate (PrintFileImmediate)
When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm
prints the screen contents directly to a file. Set this resource
to the prefix of the filename (a timestamp will be appended to
the actual name).
The default is an empty string, i.e., “”, However, when the
print-immediate action is invoked, if the string is empty,
then “XTerm” is used.
printFileOnXError (PrintFileOnXError)
If xterm exits with an X error, e.g., your connection is
broken when the server crashes, it can be told to write the
contents of the screen to a file. To enable the feature, set this
resource to the prefix of the filename (a timestamp will be
appended to the actual name).
The default is an empty string, i.e., “”, which disables this
feature. However, when the print-on-error action is
invoked, if the string is empty, then “XTermError” is used.
These error codes are handled: ERROR_XERROR, ERROR_XIOERROR and
ERROR_ICEERROR.
printModeImmediate (PrintModeImmediate)
When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm
prints the screen contents directly to a file. You can use the
printModeImmediate resource to tell it to use escape
sequences to reconstruct the video attributes and colors. This
uses the same values as the printAttributes resource. The
default is “0”.
printModeOnXError (PrintModeOnXError)
Xterm implements the printFileOnXError feature
using the printer feature, although the output is written
directly to a file. You can use the printModeOnXError
resource to tell it to use escape sequences to reconstruct the
video attributes and colors. This uses the same values as the
printAttributes resource. The default is “0”.
printOptsImmediate (PrintOptsImmediate)
Specify the range of text which is printed to a file when the
print-immediately action is invoked.
•
If zero (0), then this selects the current (visible screen) plus
the saved lines, except if the alternate screen is being used. In
that case, only the alternate screen is selectd.
•
If nonzero, the bits of this resource value (checked in
descending order) select the range:
8
selects the saved lines.
4
selects the alternate screen.
2
selects the normal screen.
1
selects the current screen, which can be either the normal or
alternate screen.
The default is “9”, which selects the current visible screen plus
saved lines, with no special case for the alternated screen.
printOptsOnXError (PrintOptsOnXError)
Specify the range of text which is printed to a file when the
print-on-error action is invoked. The resource value is
interpreted the same as in printOptsImmediate.
The default is “9”, which selects the current visible screen plus
saved lines, with no special case for the alternated screen.
printerAutoClose (class PrinterAutoClose)
If “true”, xterm will close the printer (a pipe) when the
application switches the printer offline with a Media Copy
command. The default is “false”.
printerCommand (class PrinterCommand)
Specifies a shell command to which xterm will open a pipe
when the first MC (Media Copy) command is initiated. The default
is an empty string, i.e., “”. If the resource value is given as
an empty string, the printer is disabled.
printerControlMode (class PrinterControlMode)
Specifies the printer control mode. A “1” selects autoprint mode,
which causes xterm to print a line from the screen when
you move the cursor off that line with a line feed, form feed or
vertical tab character, or an autowrap occurs. Autoprint mode is
overridden by printer controller mode (a “2”), which causes all
of the output to be directed to the printer. The default is “0”.
printerExtent (class PrinterExtent)
Controls whether a print page function will print the entire page
(true), or only the the portion within the scrolling margins
(false). The default is “false”.
printerFormFeed (class PrinterFormFeed)
Controls whether a form feed is sent to the printer at the end of
a print page function. The default is “false”.
printerNewLine (class PrinterNewLine)
Controls whether a newline is sent to the printer at the end of a
print page function. The default is “true”.
quietGrab (class QuietGrab)
Controls whether the cursor is repainted when NotifyGrab
and NotifyUngrab event types are received during change of
focus. The default is “false”.
renderFont (class RenderFont)
If xterm is built with the Xft library, this controls
whether the faceName resource is used. The default is
“default”.
The resource values are strings, evaluated as booleans after
startup.
false
disable the feature and use the normal (bitmap) font.
true
startup using the TrueType font specified by the faceName
and faceSize resource settings. If there is no value for
faceName, disable the feature and use the normal (bitmap)
font.
After startup, you can still switch to/from the bitmap font using
the “TrueType Fonts” menu entry.
default
startup using the normal (bitmap) font, but enable the “TrueType
Fonts” menu entry to allow runtime switching to/from TrueType
fonts.
If there is no faceName resource set, then runtime
switching to TrueType fonts is disabled. Xterm has a
separate compiled-in value for faceName for the special
case where renderFont is “default”. That is normally
“mono”.
resizeGravity (class ResizeGravity)
Affects the behavior when the window is resized to be taller or
shorter. NorthWest specifies that the top line of text on
the screen stay fixed. If the window is made shorter, lines are
dropped from the bottom; if the window is made taller, blank
lines are added at the bottom. This is compatible with the
behavior in R4. SouthWest (the default) specifies that the
bottom line of text on the screen stay fixed. If the window is
made taller, additional saved lines will be scrolled down onto
the screen; if the window is made shorter, lines will be scrolled
off the top of the screen, and the top saved lines will be
dropped.
retryInputMethod (class XtCRetryInputMethod)
Tells xterm how many times to retry, in case the
input-method server is not responding. This is a different issue
than unsupported preedit type, etc. You may encounter retries if
your X configuration (and its libraries) are missing pieces.
Setting this resource to zero ’’0’’ will cancel the retrying. The
default is ’’3’’.
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
Specifies whether or not reverse video should be simulated. The
default is “false”.
There are several aspects to reverse video in xterm:
•
The command-line -rv option tells the X libraries to
reverse the foreground and background colors. Xterm’s
command-line options set resource values. In particular, the X
Toolkit sets the reverseVideo resource when the -rv
option is used.
•
If the user has also used command-line options -fg or
-bg to set the foreground and background colors,
xterm does not see these options directly. Instead, it
examines the resource values to reconstruct the command-line
options, and determine which of the colors is the user’s intended
foreground, etc. Their actual values are irrelevant to the
reverse video function; some users prefer the X defaults (black
text on a white background), others prefer white text on a black
background.
•
After startup, the user can toggle the “Enable Reverse Video”
menu entry. This exchanges the current foreground and background
colors of the VT100 widget, and repaints the screen. Because of
the X resource hierarchy, the reverseVideo resource
applies to more than the VT100 widget.
Programs running in an xterm can also use control
sequences to enable the VT100 reverse video mode. These are
independent of the reverseVideo resource and the menu
entry. Xterm exchanges the current foreground and
background colors when drawing text affected by these control
sequences.
Other control sequences can alter the foreground and background
colors which are used:
•
Programs can also use the ANSI color control sequences to set the
foreground and background colors.
•
Extensions to the ANSI color controls (such as 16-, 88- or
256-colors) are treated similarly to the ANSI control.
•
Using other control sequences (the “dynamic colors”
feature), a program can change the foreground and background
colors.
reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap)
Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should be enabled.
This corresponds to xterm’s private mode 45. The default
is “false”.
rightScrollBar (class RightScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed on the
right rather than the left. The default is “false”.
saveLines (class SaveLines)
Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the top of the
screen when a scrollbar is turned on. The default is “64”.
scrollBar (class ScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be displayed. The
default is “false”.
scrollBarBorder (class ScrollBarBorder)
Specifies the width of the scrollbar border. Note that this is
drawn to overlap the border of the xterm window. Modifying
the scrollbar’s border affects only the line between the VT100
widget and the scrollbar. The default value is 1.
scrollKey (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not pressing a key should automatically
cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the scrolling region.
This corresponds to xterm’s private mode 1011. The default
is “false”.
scrollLines (class ScrollLines)
Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back and
scroll-forw actions should use as a default. The default
value is 1.
scrollTtyOutput (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not output to the terminal should
automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of the
scrolling region. The default is “true”.
selectToClipboard (class SelectToClipboard)
Tells xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD for
SELECT tokens in the selection mechanism. The set-select
action can change this at runtime, allowing the user to work with
programs that handle only one of these mechanisms. The default is
“false”, which tells it to use PRIMARY.
shiftFonts (class ShiftFonts)
Specifies whether to enable the actions larger-vt-font()
and smaller-vt-font(), which are normally bound to the
shifted KP_Add and KP_Subtract. The default is “true”.
showBlinkAsBold (class ShowBlinkAsBold)
Tells xterm whether to display text with blink-attribute
the same as bold. If xterm has not been configured to
support blinking text, the default is “true”, which corresponds
to older versions of xterm, otherwise the default is
“false”.
showMissingGlyphs (class ShowMissingGlyphs)
Tells xterm whether to display a box outlining places
where a character has been used that the font does not represent.
The default is “false”.
showWrapMarks (class ShowWrapMarks)
For debugging xterm and applications that may manipulate
the wrapped-line flag by writing text at the right margin, show a
mark on the right inner-border of the window. The mark shows
which lines have the flag set.
signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the entries in the “Main Options” menu
for sending signals to xterm should be disallowed. The
default is “false”.
tekGeometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the Tektronix
window. There is no default for this resource.
tekInhibit (class TekInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the escape sequence to enter Tektronix
mode should be ignored. The default is “false”.
tekSmall (class TekSmall)
Specifies whether or not the Tektronix mode window should start
in its smallest size if no explicit geometry is given. This is
useful when running xterm on displays with small screens.
The default is “false”.
tekStartup (class TekStartup)
Specifies whether or not xterm should start up in
Tektronix mode. The default is “false”.
tiXtraScroll (class TiXtraScroll)
Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new page when
processing the ti termcap entry, i.e., the private modes
47, 1047 or 1049. This is only in effect if titeInhibit is
“true”, because the intent of this option is to provide a picture
of the full-screen application’s display on the scrollback
without wiping out the text that would be shown before the
application was initialized. The default for this resource is
“false”.
titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should remove ti and
te termcap entries (used to switch between alternate
screens on startup of many screen-oriented programs) from the
TERMCAP string. If set, xterm also ignores the escape
sequence to switch to the alternate screen. Xterm supports
terminfo in a different way, supporting composite control
sequences (also known as private modes) 1047, 1048 and 1049 which
have the same effect as the original 47 control sequence. The
default for this resource is “false”.
titleModes (class TitleModes)
Tells xterm whether to accept or return window- and
icon-labels in ISO-8859-1 (the default) or UTF-8. Either can be
encoded in hexadecimal. The default for this resource is “0”.
Each bit (bit “0” is 1, bit “1” is 2, etc.) corresponds to one of
the parameters set by the title modes control sequence:
0
Set window/icon labels using hexadecimal
1
Query window/icon labels using hexadecimal
2
Set window/icon labels using UTF-8 (overrides utf8Titles
resource).
3
Query window/icon labels using UTF-8
translations (class Translations)
Specifies the key and button bindings for menus, selections,
“programmed strings”, etc. The translations resource,
which provides much of xterm’s configurability, is a
feature of the X Toolkit Intrinsics library (Xt). See the
ACTIONS section.
trimSelection (class TrimSelection)
If you set highlightSelection, you can see the text which
is selected, including any trailing spaces. Clearing the screen
(or a line) resets it to a state containing no spaces. Some lines
may contain trailing spaces when an application writes them to
the screen. However, you may not wish to paste lines with
trailing spaces. If this resource is true, xterm will trim
trailing spaces from text which is selected. It does not affect
spaces which result in a wrapped line, nor will it trim the
trailing newline from your selection. The default is “false”.
underLine (class UnderLine)
This specifies whether or not text with the underline attribute
should be underlined. It may be desirable to disable underlining
when color is being used for the underline attribute. The default
is “true”.
useClipping (class UseClipping)
Tell xterm whether to use clipping to keep from producing
dots outside the text drawing area. Originally used to work
around for overstriking effects, this is also needed to work with
some incorrectly-sized fonts. The default is “true”.
utf8 (class Utf8)
This specifies whether xterm will run in UTF-8 mode. If
you set this resource, xterm also sets the
wideChars resource as a side-effect. The resource can be
set via the menu entry “UTF-8 Encoding”. The default is
“default”.
Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the
number shown in parentheses:
false (0)
UTF-8 mode is initially off. The command-line option +u8
sets the resource to this value. Escape sequences for turning
UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
true (1)
UTF-8 mode is initially on. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8
mode on/off are allowed.
always (2)
The command-line option -u8 sets the resource to this
value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are
ignored.
default (3)
This is the default value of the resource. It is changed during
initialization depending on whether the locale resource
was set, to false (0) or always (2). See the locale
resource for additional discussion of non-UTF-8 locales.
If you want to set the value of utf8, it should be in this
range. Other nonzero values are treated the same as “1”, i.e.,
UTF-8 mode is initially on, and escape sequences for turning
UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
utf8Fonts (class Utf8Fonts)
See the discussion of the locale resource. This specifies
whether xterm will use UTF-8 fonts specified via resource
patterns such as “*vt100.utf8Fonts.font” or normal
(ISO-8859-1) fonts via patterns such as “*vt100.font”. The
resource can be set via the menu entry “UTF-8 Fonts”. The default
is “default”.
Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or the
number shown in parentheses:
false (0)
Use the ISO-8859-1 fonts. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the
choice of fonts to be changed at runtime.
true (1)
Use the UTF-8 fonts. The menu entry is enabled, allowing the
choice of fonts to be changed at runtime.
always (2)
Always use the UTF-8 fonts. This also disables the menu entry.
default (3)
At startup, the resource is set to true or false, according to
the effective value of the utf8 resource.
utf8Latin1 (class Utf8Latin1)
If true, allow an ISO-8859-1 normal font to be combined
with an ISO-10646 font if the latter is given via the -fw
option or its corresponding resource value. The default is
“false”.
utf8SelectTypes (class Utf8SelectTypes)
Override xterm’s default selection target list (see
SELECT/PASTE) for selections in wide-character (UTF-8) mode. The
default is an empty string, i.e., “”, which does not override
anything.
utf8Title (class Utf8Title)
Applications can set xterm’s title by writing a control
sequence. Normally this control sequence follows the VT220
convention, which encodes the string in ISO-8859-1 and allows for
an 8-bit string terminator. If xterm is started in a UTF-8
locale, it translates the ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8 to work with
the X libraries which assume the string is UTF-8.
However, some users may wish to write a title string encoded in
UTF-8. The window manager is responsible for drawing window
titles. Some window managers (not all) support UTF-8 encoding of
window titles. Set this resource to “true” to allow UTF-8 encoded
title strings. That cancels the translation to UTF-8, allowing
UTF-8 strings to be displayed as is.
This feature is available as a menu entry, since it is related to
the particular applications you are running within xterm.
You can also use a control sequence (see the discussion of “Title
Modes” in the control sequences document), to set an equivalent
flag. The titleModes resource sets the same value, which
overrides this resource.
The default is “false”.
veryBoldColors (class VeryBoldColors)
Specifies whether to combine video attributes with colors
specified by colorBD, colorBL, colorRV and
colorUL. The resource value is the sum of values for each
attribute:
1 for reverse,
2 for underline,
4 for bold and
8 for blink.
The default is “0”.
visualBell (class VisualBell)
Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e., flashing) should
be used instead of an audible bell when Control-G is received.
The default is “false”, which tells xterm to use an
audible bell.
visualBellDelay (class VisualBellDelay)
Number of milliseconds to delay when displaying a visual bell.
Default is 100. If set to zero, no visual bell is displayed. This
is useful for very slow displays, e.g., an LCD display on a
laptop.
visualBellLine (class VisualBellLine)
Specifies whether to flash only the current line when displaying
a visual bell. rather than flashing the entire screen: The
default is “false”, which tells xterm to flash the entire
screen.
vt100Graphics (class VT100Graphics)
This specifies whether xterm will interpret VT100 graphic
character escape sequences while in UTF-8 mode. The default is
“true”, to provide support for various legacy applications.
wideBoldFont (class WideBoldFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying bold
wide text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as
wide as the font that will be used to draw bold text. If no
double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the
bold font.
wideChars (class WideChars)
Specifies if xterm should respond to control sequences
that process 16-bit characters. The default is “false”.
wideFont (class WideFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying wide
text. By default, it will attempt to use a font twice as wide as
the font that will be used to draw normal text. If no
double-width font is found, it will improvise, by stretching the
normal font.
ximFont (class XimFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for displaying the
preedit string in the “OverTheSpot” input method.
In “OverTheSpot” preedit type, the preedit (preconversion) string
is displayed at the position of the cursor. It is the XIM
server’s responsibility to display the preedit string. The XIM
client must inform the XIM server of the cursor position. For
best results, the preedit string must be displayed with a proper
font. Therefore, xterm informs the XIM server of the
proper font. The font is be supplied by a "fontset", whose
default value is “*”. This matches every font, the X library
automatically chooses fonts with proper charsets. The
ximFont resource is provided to override this default font
setting.
Tek4014 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the
tek4014 widget (class Tek4014). These are specified
by patterns such as “XTerm.tek4014.NAME”:
font2 (class Font)
Specifies font number 2 to use in the Tektronix window.
font3 (class Font)
Specifies font number 3 to use in the Tektronix window.
fontLarge (class Font)
Specifies the large font to use in the Tektronix window.
fontSmall (class Font)
Specifies the small font to use in the Tektronix window.
ginTerminator (class GinTerminator)
Specifies what character(s) should follow a GIN report or status
report. The possibilities are “none”, which sends no terminating
characters, “CRonly”, which sends CR, and “CR&EOT”, which
sends both CR and EOT. The default is “none”.
height (class Height)
Specifies the height of the Tektronix window in pixels.
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the four Tektronix fonts to use initially.
Values are the same as for the set-tek-text action. The
default is “large”.
width (class Width)
Specifies the width of the Tektronix window in pixels.
Menu Resources
The resources that may be specified for the various menus are
described in the documentation for the Athena SimpleMenu
widget. The name and classes of the entries in each of the menus
are listed below. Resources named “lineN” where
N is a number are separators with class SmeLine.
The mainMenu has the following entries:
toolbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-toolbar(toggle) action.
securekbd (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the secure() action.
allowsends (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the allow-send-events(toggle) action.
redraw (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the redraw() action.
logging (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the logging(toggle) action.
print-immediate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-immediate() action.
print-on-error (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-on-error() action.
print (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print() action.
print-redir (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-redir() action.
8-bit-control (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-8-bit-control(toggle) action.
backarrow key (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-backarrow(toggle) action.
num-lock (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-num-lock(toggle) action.
alt-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the alt-sends-escape(toggle) action.
meta-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the meta-sends-escape(toggle) action.
delete-is-del (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the delete-is-del(toggle) action.
oldFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the old-function-keys(toggle) action.
hpFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hp-function-keys(toggle) action.
scoFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sco-function-keys(toggle) action.
sunFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sun-function-keys(toggle) action.
sunKeyboard (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sunKeyboard(toggle) action.
suspend (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(tstp) action on systems
that support job control.
continue (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(cont) action on systems
that support job control.
interrupt (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(int) action.
hangup (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(hup) action.
terminate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(term) action.
kill (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(kill) action.
quit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the quit() action.
The vtMenu has the following entries:
scrollbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scrollbar(toggle) action.
jumpscroll (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-jumpscroll(toggle) action.
reversevideo (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reverse-video(toggle) action.
autowrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autowrap(toggle) action.
reversewrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reversewrap(toggle) action.
autolinefeed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autolinefeed(toggle) action.
appcursor (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appcursor(toggle) action.
appkeypad (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appkeypad(toggle) action.
scrollkey (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-key(toggle) action.
scrollttyoutput (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-tty-output(toggle)
action.
allow132 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-allow132(toggle) action.
cursesemul (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursesemul(toggle) action.
visualbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visualbell(toggle) action.
bellIsUrgent (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-bellIsUrgent(toggle) action.
poponbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-poponbell(toggle) action.
cursorblink (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursorblink(toggle) action.
titeInhibit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-titeInhibit(toggle) action.
activeicon (class SmeBSB)
This entry toggles active icons on and off if this feature was
compiled into xterm. It is enabled only if xterm
was started with the command line option +ai or the
activeIcon resource is set to “true”.
softreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the soft-reset() action.
hardreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hard-reset() action.
clearsavedlines (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the clear-saved-lines() action.
tekshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action.
tekmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(tek) action.
vthide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,off) action.
altscreen (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-altscreen(toggle) action.
The fontMenu has the following entries:
fontdefault (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(d) action.
font1 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(1) action.
font2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(2) action.
font3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(3) action.
font4 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(4) action.
font5 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(5) action.
font6 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(6) action.
fontescape (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(e) action.
fontsel (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(s) action.
font-linedrawing (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-linedrawing(s) action.
font-packed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-packed(s) action.
font-doublesize (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-doublesize(s) action.
render-font (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-render-font(s) action.
utf8-mode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-mode(s) action.
utf8-title (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-title(s) action.
The tekMenu has the following entries:
tektextlarge (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(large) action.
tektext2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(2) action.
tektext3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(3) action.
tektextsmall (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(small) action.
tekpage (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-page() action.
tekreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-reset() action.
tekcopy (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-copy() action.
vtshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,toggle) action.
vtmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(vt) action.
tekhide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle) action.
Scrollbar Resources
The following resources are useful when specified for the Athena
Scrollbar widget:
thickness (class Thickness)
Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the scrollbar.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of the scrollbar.
The “thumb” of the scrollbar is a simple checkerboard pattern
alternating pixels for foreground and background color.
security
X environments differ in their security consciousness.
•
Most servers, run under xdm, are capable of using a “magic
cookie” authorization scheme that can provide a reasonable level
of security for many people. If your server is only using a
host-based mechanism to control access to the server (see
xhost(1)), then if you enable access for a host and other
users are also permitted to run clients on that same host, it is
possible that someone can run an application which uses the basic
services of the X protocol to snoop on your activities,
potentially capturing a transcript of everything you type at the
keyboard.
•
Any process which has access to your X display can manipulate it
in ways that you might not anticipate, even redirecting your
keyboard to itself and sending events to your application’s
windows. This is true even with the “magic cookie” authorization
scheme. While the allowSendEvents provides some protection
against rogue applications tampering with your programs, guarding
against a snooper is harder.
•
The X input extension for instance allows an application to
bypass all of the other (limited) authorization and security
features, including the GrabKeyboard protocol.
•
The possibility of an application spying on your keystrokes is of
particular concern when you want to type in a password or other
sensitive data. The best solution to this problem is to use a
better authorization mechanism than is provided by X.
Subject to all of these caveats, a simple mechanism exists for
protecting keyboard input in xterm.
The xterm menu (see MENUS above) contains a
Secure Keyboard entry which, when enabled, attempts to
ensure that all keyboard input is directed only to
xterm (using the GrabKeyboard protocol request). When an
application prompts you for a password (or other sensitive data),
you can enable Secure Keyboard using the menu, type in the
data, and then disable Secure Keyboard using the menu
again.
•
This ensures that you know which window is accepting your
keystrokes.
•
It cannot ensure that there are no processes which have access to
your X display that might be observing the keystrokes as well.
Only one X client at a time can grab the keyboard, so when you
attempt to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail. In this
case, the bell will sound. If the Secure Keyboard
succeeds, the foreground and background colors will be exchanged
(as if you selected the Reverse Video entry in the
Modes menu); they will be exchanged again when you exit
secure mode. If the colors do not switch, then you should
be very suspicious that you are being spoofed. If the
application you are running displays a prompt before asking for
the password, it is safest to enter secure mode before the
prompt gets displayed, and to make sure that the prompt gets
displayed correctly (in the new colors), to minimize the
probability of spoofing. You can also bring up the menu again and
make sure that a check mark appears next to the entry.
Secure Keyboard mode will be disabled automatically if
your xterm window becomes iconified (or otherwise
unmapped), or if you start up a reparenting window manager (that
places a title bar or other decoration around the window) while
in Secure Keyboard mode. (This is a feature of the X
protocol not easily overcome.) When this happens, the foreground
and background colors will be switched back and the bell will
sound in warning.
select
select paste
X clients provide select and paste support by responding to
requests conveyed by the server.
PRIMARY
When configured to use the primary selection, (the default)
xterm can provide the selection data in ways which help to
retain character encoding information as it is pasted.
A user “selects” text on xterm, which highlights the selected
text. A subsequent “paste” to another client forwards a request
to the client owning the selection. If xterm owns the
primary selection, it makes the data available in the form of one
or more “selection targets”. If it does not own the primary
selection, e.g., if it has released it or another client has
asserted ownership, it relies on cut-buffers to pass the data.
But cut-buffers handle only ISO-8859-1 data (officially - some
clients ignore the rules).
CLIPBOARD
When configured to use the clipboard (see resource
selectToClipboard), the problem with persistence of
ownership is bypassed. Otherwise, there is no difference
regarding the data which can be passed via selection.
SELECTION TARGETS
The different types of data which are passed depend on what the
receiving client asks for. These are termed selection
targets.
When asking for the selection data, xterm tries the
following types in this order:
UTF8_STRING
This is an XFree86 extension, which denotes that the data is
encoded in UTF-8. When xterm is built with wide-character
support, it both accepts and provides this type.
TEXT
the text is in the encoding which corresponds to your current
locale.
COMPOUND_TEXT
this is a format for multiple character set data, such as
multi-lingual text. It can store UTF-8 data as a special case.
STRING
This is Latin 1 (ISO-8859-1) data.
The middle two (TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT) are added if xterm
is configured with the i18nSelections resource set to
“true”.
UTF8_STRING is preferred (therefore first in the list) since
xterm stores text as Unicode data when running in
wide-character mode, and no translation is needed. On the other
hand, TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT may require translation. If the
translation is incomplete, they will insert X’s “defaultString”
whose value cannot be set, and may simply be empty.
Xterm’s defaultString resource specifies the string
to use for incomplete translations of the UTF8_STRING.
You can alter the types which xterm tries using the
eightBitSelectTypes or utf8SelectTypes resources.
For instance, you might have some specific locale setting which
does not use UTF-8 encoding. The resource value is a
comma-separated list of the selection targets, which consist of
the names shown. You can use the special name I18N to denote the
optional inclusion of TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT. The names are
matched ignoring case, and can be abbreviated. The default list
can be expressed in several ways, e.g.,
UTF8_STRING,I18N,STRING
utf8,i18n,string
u,i,s
bugs
Large pastes do
not work on some systems. This is not a bug in xterm;
it is a bug in the pseudo terminal driver of those systems.
xterm feeds large pastes to the pty only as fast as
the pty will accept data, but some pty drivers do not return
enough information to know if the write has succeeded.
When connected
to an input method, it is possible for xterm to hang if the
XIM server is suspended or killed.
Many of the
options are not resettable after xterm starts.
This program
still needs to be rewritten. It should be split into very
modular sections, with the various emulators being
completely separate widgets that do not know about each
other. Ideally, you’d like to be able to pick and
choose emulator widgets and stick them into a single control
widget.
There needs to
be a dialog box to allow entry of the Tek COPY file
name.
see also
resize ,
luit , uxterm , X , pty, tty
Xterm
Control Sequences (this is the file ctlseqs.ms).
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.html
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
authors
Far too many
people, including:
Loretta Guarino
Reid (DEC-UEG-WSL), Joel McCormack (DEC-UEG-WSL), Terry
Weissman (DEC-UEG-WSL), Edward Moy (Berkeley), Ralph R.
Swick (MIT-Athena), Mark Vandevoorde (MIT-Athena), Bob
McNamara (DEC-MAD), Jim Gettys (MIT-Athena), Bob Scheifler
(MIT X Consortium), Doug Mink (SAO), Steve Pitschke
(Stellar), Ron Newman (MIT-Athena), Jim Fulton (MIT X
Consortium), Dave Serisky (HP), Jonathan Kamens
(MIT-Athena), Jason Bacon, Stephen P. Wall, David Wexelblat,
and Thomas Dickey (invisible-island.net).