luit

Locale and ISO 2022 support for Unicode terminals

Synopsis

luit [ options ] [ -- ] [ program [ args ] ]

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examples

The most typical use of luit is to adapt an instance of XTerm to the locale’s encoding. Current versions of XTerm invoke luit automatically when it is needed. If you are using an older release of XTerm, or a different terminal emulator, you may invoke luit manually:

$ xterm -u8 -e luit

If you are running in a UTF-8 locale but need to access a remote machine that doesn’t support UTF-8, luit can adapt the remote output to your terminal:

$ LC_ALL=fr_FR luit ssh legacy-machine

Luit is also useful with applications that hard-wire an encoding that is different from the one normally used on the system or want to use legacy escape sequences for multilingual output. In particular, versions of Emacs that do not speak UTF-8 well can use luit for multilingual output:

$ luit -encoding ’ISO 8859-1’ emacs -nw

And then, in Emacs,

M-x set-terminal-coding-system RET iso-2022-8bit-ss2 RET

description

Luit is a filter that can be run between an arbitrary application and a UTF-8 terminal emulator. It will convert application output from the locale’s encoding into UTF-8, and convert terminal input from UTF-8 into the locale’s encoding.

An application may also request switching to a different output encoding using ISO 2022 and ISO 6429 escape sequences. Use of this feature is discouraged: multilingual applications should be modified to directly generate UTF-8 instead.

Luit is usually invoked transparently by the terminal emulator. For information about running luit from the command line, see EXAMPLES below.

options

-h

Display some summary help and quit.

-list

List the supported charsets and encodings, then quit.

-V

Print luit’s version and quit.

-v

Be verbose.

-c

Function as a simple converter from standard input to standard output.

-p

In startup, establish a handshake between parent and child processes. This is needed for some systems, e.g., FreeBSD.

-x

Exit as soon as the child dies. This may cause luit to lose data at the end of the child’s output.

-argv0 name

Set the child’s name (as passed in argv[0]).

-encoding encoding

Set up luit to use encoding rather than the current locale’s encoding.

+oss

Disable interpretation of single shifts in application output.

+ols

Disable interpretation of locking shifts in application output.

+osl

Disable interpretation of character set selection sequences in application output.

+ot

Disable interpretation of all sequences and pass all sequences in application output to the terminal unchanged. This may lead to interesting results.

-k7

Generate seven-bit characters for keyboard input.

+kss

Disable generation of single-shifts for keyboard input.

+kssgr

Use GL codes after a single shift for keyboard input. By default, GR codes are generated after a single shift when generating eight-bit keyboard input.

-kls

Generate locking shifts (SO/SI) for keyboard input.

-gl gn

Set the initial assignment of GL. The argument should be one of g0, g1, g2 or g3. The default depends on the locale, but is usually g0.

-gr gk

Set the initial assignment of GR. The default depends on the locale, and is usually g2 except for EUC locales, where it is g1.

-g0 charset

Set the charset initially selected in G0. The default depends on the locale, but is usually ASCII.

-g1 charset

Set the charset initially selected in G1. The default depends on the locale.

-g2 charset

Set the charset initially selected in G2. The default depends on the locale.

-g3 charset

Set the charset initially selected in G3. The default depends on the locale.

-ilog filename

Log into filename all the bytes received from the child.

-olog filename

Log into filename all the bytes sent to the terminal emulator.

-alias filename

the locale alias file
(default: /usr/share/X11/locale/locale.alias).

End of options.

files

/usr/share/X11/locale/locale.alias

The file mapping locales to locale encodings.

security

On systems with SVR4 (“Unix-98”) ptys (Linux version 2.2 and later, SVR4), luit should be run as the invoking user.

On systems without SVR4 (“Unix-98”) ptys (notably BSD variants), running luit as an ordinary user will leave the tty world-writable; this is a security hole, and luit will generate a warning (but still accept to run). A possible solution is to make luit suid root; luit should drop privileges sufficiently early to make this safe. However, the startup code has not been exhaustively audited, and the author takes no responsibility for any resulting security issues.

Luit will refuse to run if it is installed setuid and cannot safely drop privileges.

bugs

None of this complexity should be necessary. Stateless UTF-8 throughout the system is the way to go.

Charsets with a non-trivial intermediary byte are not yet supported.

Selecting alternate sets of control characters is not supported and will never be.

see also

xterm , unicode, utf-8, charsets.
Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques (ISO 2022, ECMA-35).
Control Functions for Coded Character Sets (ISO 6429, ECMA-48).

author

The version of Luit included in this X.Org Foundation release was originally written by Juliusz Chroboczek <jch[:at:]freedesktop[:dot:]org> for the XFree86 Project and includes additional contributions from Thomas E. Dickey required for newer releases of xterm(1).