latex
structured text formatting and typesetting
see also :
pdflatex - pdftex - tex
Synopsis
latex
[first-line]
add an example, a script, a trick and tips
examples
source
Converting Open Office (odt) files to Latex
OpenOffice used to have a LaTeX export functionality, which was
later removed, I guess. Nevertheless, there is a LaTeX writer:
sudo apt-get install openoffice.org-writer2latex writer2latex
Or, if your distribution uses LibreOffice, use
libreoffice-writer2latex instead of the above.
Just confirm all messages with y. After installing,
you can use it with w2l
w2l your-document.odt
which will create a .tex file with the same name.
The formatting is pretty basic, but I think it gets the job done.
If you wish to edit it in Lyx after that, just concatenate the
commands, something like that:
w2l your-document.odt && /usr/bin/env lyx your-document.tex &
I tested the conversion on Ubuntu 11.04 with the default
LibreOffice installation
source
latex *.tex
latex *.tex
dvips *.dvi
source
Unicode characters in bibtex
Bibtex is not really unicode aware. In order to use extended
characters, you need to use the standard Tex replacements.
You might however want to use
biblatex for a better management of bibliographic styles; and
maybe have a look at biber, which aims to
become a unicode aware Bibtex replacement.
source
Linux program to create a timeline diagram?
Than newer versions of Gnuplot are capable of handling timeline scales
and can create annotations as well. It is originally a scientific
plotting program, and can generate output in many formats
including .png and .eps, so you can embed the results easily in
LaTeX (it has a dedicated LaTeX output, which I am not familiar
with). It has a quiet good and thorough documentation, plenty of
settings and you can execute scripts in batch mode. You can even
create a gnuplot script with a sheabang (#!) syntax.
source
updating TeX on linux
Debian still ships TeXLive 2009, which is now pretty quickly
getting pretty ancient. As far as I know, there is no package
(neither official nor unofficial) of TeXLive 2010. You have
pretty much three options:
-
You can install your own version of TeXLive 2010 in the
/usr/local/ tree. Download it from tug, and
follow the Unix installation instruction on that page. That
will give you a complete current version of TeXLive. You will
then be able to use tlmgr to keep your
installation up to date. If you choose that path, make sure
that the path to the new binaries is in your
$PATH, and also in the roots $PATH,
in order for maintainance binaries such as
texhash and tlmgr to work.
-
You can keep your current TeXLive, and just install the new
versions of the packages you need in your local
texmf tree. The local texmf tree on
Debian based distributions is in
/usr/local/share/texmf. If you don't have that
directory, create it (as root, you will need to use
sudo), download the packages from CTAN, and install
them in there. You will need to run texhash as
root to refresh TeX's file database, otherwise TeX will not
find the new packages. The actual installation procedure will
differ from package to package. If you can find a "tds
compliant" zip file, you can just unzip it in
/usr/local/share/texmf, run texhash
as root and you will be done. If not, your best bet is to
follow instruction in the README file that came with the
package, or look at the package documentation if it contains
some installation instructions.
-
If you are the only one using TeX on that computer, you can
also install the packages in your personal texmf
tree, which on Debian is, I believe, in ~/texmf.
The procedure for installing is pretty much the same as when
installing in the local texmf tree, except that you don't
have to be the root, and you don't have to run
texhash after installation.
If you post the list of individual packages, someone may be able
to give you more details.
source
How to cancel LaTeX compiling in Terminal?
Ctrl-D will do the trick.
However, use -file-line-error -halt-on-error on the
command line. Or learn how to edit LaTeX from the compiler if you
wanted to be hard core.
source
Automated printouts from a wireless printer
By no means is this the cleanest way of doing
things. This is a general idea of what you could
quickly hack together to achieve what you want to do.
Set up your printer
First and foremost, you want to get your printer working. CUPS
does support wireless printers, so with a bit of luck and the
right drivers you will be able to set that up. Refer to your
server's distribution wiki / help pages for more information.
Get the data
You then want to get your data in plaintext. Google will help you
find scripts that will do most the generic of the tasks that you
need:
For other specific needs, you'll have to write them on your own:
-
TODOs depend on what mechanism you already use
to keep track of that
-
Google Analytics. Unfortunately not accessible
via command line browsers and I don't know anything about the
Google Analytics API. I can only think of very ugly and
unreliable ways of doing this so you will have to do some
searching.
Hack your scripts together
We now have a bunch of scripts that work, but we need to put all
that data together. For most of my hackjobs I go with
Python. Not only is it easy to pick up and use, you
can even "embed" other scripts into it a python file and grab
their input:
from os import popen
script='''ps aux; echo; free -h'''
output=popen(script).read()
Not the best idea, but this way you don't have
to re-write complex functions that are already available to you.
Formatting
HTML is easy to learn and prettify. Google to the rescue again:
Python and HTML. Join the data we have with
HTML, add a few lines of CSS to
define what your page will look like (fonts, colors, layouts etc)
and have python write all this into a file.
Print your document
-
Save your script on your server and test it out. Jump to
Can I print html files from the
command-line? to do some test printing.
-
Add a cronjob that will run your script every
morning at the desired time.
-
Add coffee.
Paper is a precious resource; I would have my webserver serve
this file and read it on my tablet, phone, or laptop.
source
Convert TeX fragments to PNG images
You can use (and I have used) mathTeX:
MathTeX, licensed under the gpl, is a cgi program that lets you
easily embed LaTeX math in your own html pages, blogs, wikis,
etc. It parses a LaTeX math expression and immediately emits
the corresponding gif (or png) image, rather than the usual TeX
dvi. So just place an html tag in your document wherever you
want to see the corresponding LaTeX expression.
It can either be used as a CGI script on the server and linked
directly from the <img> tag, or run on the command-line to
generate standalone image files. From the homepage:
mathTeX is usually run by your web server as a cgi program,
obtaining its input expression from the query-string of an html
tag. But you can also run mathTeX from your Unix shell,
supplying all input on the command line. For example,
./mathtex.cgi "x^2+y^2" –o equation1 renders an
image of x^2+y^2 in file equation1.gif.
source
typesetting system
LaTeX is pretty much the most used tool for professional
typesetting in Linux, even though it is complex. While it's not
perfect, it is much better for that purpose than Office-type
packages are.
However, Scribus might be useful as a desktop publishing
tool.
source
Looking for tex to html converter
Here is a short list of LaTeX to HTML converters. One of the
ones listed is tth which is in the Ubuntu
repositories (man page).
source
How to deal with lots of brackets in a formula?
Their is a vim script called foldcol.vim but I can't say more.
Personnaly I will do :
"put every calculs on one line
:%s/(/\r(\r/g
:%s/)/\r)\r/g
"delete all empty lines
:g/^$/d
"set fold as () to collapse them with "za"
:set foldmethod=marker foldmarker=(,)
"indent all text:
gg=G
It should look like :
Result: (
(
6*(
k2+k3
)
)
*A123*k2*k3*(
A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2
)
*(
.
.
.
After working on it, remove indent : go to first line and then
press :
gg<G............ "need to press dot to repeat
500gJ "to put all on one line
source
Export transparent-background equations from Latex
I'm not aware of any way of doing this using LaTeX itself, though
you could just ImageMagick on the result. He's a script.
#!/bin/bash
texfile="$1"
pdffile="${texfile%.tex}.pdf"
pngfile="${texfile%.pdf}.png"
pdflatex -interaction=batchmode "$texfile"
pdfcrop "$pdffile" "${pdffile%.pdf}-cropped.pdf"
pdftoppm -png -f 1 -l 1 "${pdffile%.pdf}-cropped.pdf" > "$pngfile"
convert "$pngfile" -transparent white "${pngfile%.png}-transparent.png"
You could use regular latex rather than pdflatex in the first
command with dvipng. If you want a higher resolution, add the
appropriate option to pdftoppm (e.g., -r 300 for 300 dpi; the
default is 150 dpi if I'm not mistaken).
If you wanted a vector graphic instead, you could try Inkscape or
dvisvgm, but I don't have a lot of experience with those.
source
Installing LaTeX package
You have not initialized tlmgr. Try first
tlmgr init-usertree
and then
tlmgr install amsmath
If this does not work, it is not your fault, but you will have to
be patient: see posts n.3 and 4 in this bug report, and you will have to wait for
a fix. In my Debian unstable, I do not experience such a bug, and
tlmgr works perfectly.
description
This manual
page is not meant to be exhaustive. The complete
documentation for this version of TeX can be found in the
info file or manual Web2C: A TeX implementation.
The LaTeX
language is described in the book LaTeX - A
Document Preparation System. LaTeX is a TeX macro
package, not a modification to the TeX source program, so
all the capabilities described in tex(1) are
present.
The LaTeX
macros encourage writers to think about the content of their
documents, rather than the form. The ideal, very difficult
to realize, is to have no formatting commands (like
’’switch to italic’’ or
’’skip 2 picas’’) in the document at
all; instead, everything is done by specific markup
instructions: ’’emphasize’’,
’’start a section’’.
The primary
source of documentation for LaTeX is the LaTeX manual
referenced below, and the local guide in the file
local-guide.tex or local.tex or some such.
elatex
is the e-TeX extended mode version of LaTeX format.
lambda
is the Omega version of the LaTeX format.
pdflatex
is the pdfTeX version of the LaTeX format.
On some systems
latex209 and slitex are available for
compatibility with older versions of LaTeX. These should not
be used for new texts.
see also
amslatex,
amstex, pdflatex , pdftex ,
tex .
Leslie Lamport,
LaTeX - A Document Preparation System,
Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 020115790X.
Frank
Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams, David
Carlisle, and Chris Rowley, LaTeX Companion,
Addison-Wesley, 2004, ISBN 0201362996 (2nd edition).
LaTeX
Graphics Companion, available as part of a boxed set:
The LaTeX Companions, Revised Boxed Set : A Complete
Guide and Reference for Preparing, Illustrating, and
Publishing Technical Documents (2nd Edition), by Frank
Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, Helmut Kopka,
Patrick W. Daly (Addison-Wesley, 2004, ISBN 0321269446).